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Boardworks ionic bonding

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal atom transfers electrons to a non-metal atom to form ions. The ions have full outer electron shells, making them stable. The positively charged metal ions are attracted to the negatively charged non-metal ions, forming an ionic bond. To determine the formula of an ionic compound, you write the symbols of the elements, determine the charge of each ion, and balance the ions so the total charge is zero. This gives the ratio of ions used to write the chemical formula. For example, sodium oxide has a 2:1 ratio of sodium and oxide ions, so its formula is Na2O.

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Chemical Bonding•
© Boardworks Ltd 20141 of 10
© Boardworks Ltd 20142 of 10 What is ionic bonding? Compounds that contain ions are called ionic compounds. These compounds are usually formed by a reaction between a metal and a non-metal. Why do these substances react together and form bonds? The metal and non-metal atoms have incomplete outer electron shells and so are unstable. Electrons are transferred from each metal atom to each non-metal atom. The metal and the non-metal atoms form ions with completely full outer shells and become stable. The positive and negative ions are strongly attracted to each other. This electrostatic attraction is called ionic bonding.
© Boardworks Ltd 20143 of 10 How are ionic bonds formed? Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the reaction between the metal sodium and the non-metal chlorine. Sodium has 1 electron in its outer shell. Chlorine has 7 electrons in its outer shell. 2.8.7 [2.8.8]- + Cl Cl - 2.8.1 [2.8]+ Na Na By losing this electron, it has a filled outer shell and forms a positive ion. By gaining an electron from sodium, it has a filled outer shell and forms a negative ion.
© Boardworks Ltd 20144 of 10 How are ionic bonds formed? The positive sodium ions and the negative chloride ions are strongly attracted to each other. - Cl It is this electrostatic attraction that forms ionic bonds in sodium chloride and other ionic compounds. Na +
© Boardworks Ltd 20145 of 10 Ions and ionic bonding – summary
© Boardworks Ltd 20146 of 10 What is the ratio of ions in sodium oxide? What is the ratio of ions needed to make sodium oxide? Sodium (2.8.1) needs to lose 1 electron to form a sodium ion but oxygen (2.6) must gain 2 electrons to form an oxide ion . Na Na O O2- Na+ Na+ 1 electron from each Na atom Two sodium atoms are required for each oxygen atom and so the ratio of sodium ions to oxide ions is 2:1. From this ratio, the formula of sodium oxide is Na2O.
© Boardworks Ltd 20147 of 10 How to write the formula of an ionic compound To work out the formula of an ionic compound: 1. Write down the symbol for each element – the metal is always written first. 2. Calculate the charge for each type of ion. 3. Balance the number of ions so that the positive and negative charges are balanced and equal zero. This gives the ratio of ions. 4. Use the ratio to write down the formula of the ionic compound. The formula of a compound uses chemical symbols and numbers to show the ratio of atoms of each element present.
© Boardworks Ltd 20148 of 10 Formula of aluminium bromide What is the formula of aluminium bromide? Al Br +3 -1 AlBr3 3 bromide ions are needed for each aluminium ion 1 : 3 Symbol Balance the number of ions Ion charge Ratio of ions Formula Al Br Al3+ Br Br Br - Br - Br - 1 electron for each bromine atom
© Boardworks Ltd 20149 of 10 What is the ionic formula?
© Boardworks Ltd 201410 of 10 Want to see more? This is only a sample of one of thousands of Boardworks Science presentations. To see more of what Boardworks can offer, order a full presentation completely free: www.boardworks.co.uk/internationalsciencepresentation