Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Jennifer Burns, profile picture
Uploaded byJennifer Burns
PPTX, PDF251 views

UVC100Summer16_PHOTOGRAPHY

The document traces the origins and early development of photography from the camera obscura through its evolution into a portable box form. It describes some of the key early inventors and photographic processes including Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce's "first photograph" from 1826, the daguerreotype process developed by Nièpce and Daguerre, and the calotype process invented by William Henry Fox Talbot which produced negatives allowing for multiple prints. The document also discusses how photography became more widely available commercially in the mid-19th century through portrait studios and the rise of cartes de visite photographs.

Education◦
Download to read offline
Photography GETS BORN ART 100 Summer 2016 Diane ARBUS, Crying Child, New Jersey, 1967
photography seems like an inevitable fact of modern life but, where did it come from?
The original “camera” is as big as a nice walk-in closet!
The origins of the “camera” These diagrams are two early depictions of the workings of the “camera obscura” (meaning "dark room”), in which an external image enters a darkened chamber through a pinhole opening and appears upside down on the opposite wall. The resulting image can be traced. It's essentially a very elaborate "drawing aid."
Slowly the camera obscura gets smaller and more portable. Here it has contracted to the size a small cabinet with legs.
The origins of the “camera” Gradually it shrinks to a tabletop apparatus, and finally, to the size of a small box.
The origins of the “camera” With the room-size camera obscura now contracted into a small box, the pinhole replaced with a lens that permits focusing, and a mirror installed to reverse the image, all that remains is to find a way of making the reflected image permanent.
The physics and optics of the camera are put together first, but the chemistry remains to be cracked.
As often happens in the history of technology, multiple competing solutions appear at more or less the same time. It turns out that a number of alternative chemical solutions to the problem are developed. Use these links to see some of the possibilities that were explored by early photographers: – http://www.edinphoto.org.uk/1_early/1_early_phot ography_-_processes.htm – http://photographymuseum.org/primer.html – http://www.birrcastle.com/history/photographicTec hniques.asp#
Today some photographers still enjoy experimenting with different techniques from the 19th century. http://www.alternativephotography.com/wp/p rocesses http://imsc.usc.edu/haptics/LostandFound/e arly.html
This link shows how the different kinds of 19th photographs have aged differently, detailing how these photographs (which are stored in many libraries and archived collections) may appear today and can be properly classified. This is the kind of information that people who work closely with historical objects have in mind. http://www.lib.ua.edu/libraries/hoole/collections/ PhotographTypesatTheW.S.HooleSpecialColl ectionsLibrary.htm
The dominant technology in France is invented by Joseph Nièpce (NEE-eps) in conjunction with Daguerre (DAH-gair).
Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce, View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826, heliograph “the first photograph”
Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826, sketch by Helmut Gernsheim
Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826, 1952 print
http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibiti ons/permanent/wfp/ LEARN MORE about the "first photograph"
equipment needed for “daguerreotype” process
early daguerreotypes View of San Francisco, 1848 • tend to be quite small • produce a sharply detailed image • they produce a single, "positive" image (not multiple prints from a negative) • also known as "tintypes" because the image imprints on a metal plate
Portrait of Edgar Allan Poe, 1848 Often presented in decorative leather cases.
early daguerreotypes The Barton family dog, Nero, 1848 Group of 10 unidentified boys, Date unknown
"calotype" • In England, a competing process was invented by William Henry Fox Talbot. He called his process the “calotype.” • It was rather different as it was a negative process, capable of generating multiple prints on paper. • Softer, more faded image.
Talbot published a beautiful folio of his photographs in 1844 to promote his new invention. He called photography the "Pencil of Nature" and thought of it as nature writing its own image in light.
Talbot, Bust of Patroclus, 1839
Talbot, Articles of Glass, 1839
Books in a Library
Talbot, “The Haystack,” 1839
Photography began as a plaything of the rich but quickly entrepreneurs and inventors sought to make it widely available.
Nadar’s studio, 35 boulevard des Capucines, Paris Gaspard Félix Tournachon, “Nadar”
Disdéri, Portrait of Rosa Bonheur, c. 1871
Nadar, Portrait of Sarah Bernhardt
Disdéri, uncut sheet of cartes- de visite
Queen Victoria in carte-de-visite format
Disdéri, Unidentified Ballerina, uncut sheet of carte-de-visite photographs
Disdéri, Self Portrait The days of a handheld camera that anyone can use are still in the future! For now, the photographer has a unique set of skills.
Daumier, “Nadar, elevating the status of photography to an art,” May 1862