Section 1.The purpose of the Act

This Act shall ensure access to important land information by means of a uniform and reliable register (the Cadastre) that will be kept of all real property in the country, and by clarifications of boundaries and property-related matters.

Furthermore, this Act shall ensure access to a common geodetic reference frame, cf. Chapter 8.

Section 2.Geographical scope

The Act applies to the entire country. For the sea areas, the Act applies within one nautical mile beyond the baseline.

The King may decide that the Act wholly or partly shall apply to other sea regions, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, or Norwegian dependencies in Antarctica, and may then stipulate specific adjustments according to conditions at the site.

Section 3.Definitions

In this Act the following definitions shall apply:

Section 4.The Cadastre

The Cadastre shall contain information about the individual cadastral unit that is necessary for planning, development, use and protection of real estate, including the official designations and information about each building, dwelling and address. The Cadastre shall show the boundaries of the cadastral units, including boundaries of condominium units’ outdoor areas.

The Cadastre shall contain information about orders concerning the use of land or buildings on the cadastral parcel concerned.

The Cadastre may refer to information on real estate in other registers.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the content of the Cadastre, for example geographical information regarding rights pertaining to real estate.

Section 5.Cadastral units

The following objects may be established as separate cadastral units:

A new cadastral unit is established when the unit is entered into the Cadastre.

Property units, including rights, that were assigned a cadastral identification number under previous regulations will be considered cadastral units and may be listed in the Cadastre.

Section 5 a.The cadastral authorities

The State represented by the Central Cadastral Authority shall organise, operate, and administer the Cadastre.

The municipality is the local cadastral authority and is responsible for carrying out cadastral surveying and cadastral recordkeeping in the municipality. The municipality may by agreement permit other parties to perform cadastral surveying on its behalf. Pursuant to the provisions in Chapter 20 of the Local Government Act, the municipality may by agreement permit another municipality or the Central Cadastral Authority to update the Cadastre on its behalf.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the cadastral authorities, including on bodies that may perform cadastral recording tasks.

Section 6.Cadastral surveying requirement prior to cadastral recording

A cadastral surveying shall be carried out before the following can be recorded in the Cadastre:

When special reasons exist, the municipality may, upon application from the person who has requested the survey, enter a cadastral unit into the Cadastre before the cadastral surveying has been fully completed.

A cadastral surveying is not necessary for recording mergers in the Cadastre pursuant to Section 18 or the determination of combined land holdings pursuant to Section 20.

The Ministry may issue regulations on cadastral surveying prior to cadastral recording, including the completion of such cadastral surveying.

Section 7.Requirement for clarified cadastral boundaries prior to land registration of transfer of title^​1

The boundaries of ground property units, 3D-units or leasehold units shall be clarified in the cadastral survey, or similar registration procedures pursuant to other or earlier legislation before the document that conveys registered title to the land or leased land can be entered into the Land Registry.

However, this does not apply if:

The municipality shall decide which properties meet the requirements of the first and second paragraphs and note this in the Cadastre.

Registration in the Land Registry may still take place if the transfer of title is part of an inheritance, administration of an estate or enforcement of claims, or concerns a leasehold interest for a period of 10 years or less, cf. Section 12a of the Land Registration Act.

The Ministry may issue regulations on requirements for clarified boundaries before registration of transfer of title.

Section 8.Requirements for cadastral recording

Together with the request for cadastral recording, documentation necessary for cadastral recording and registration in the Land Register shall be enclosed. When cadastral surveying has been requested pursuant to Section 35, a separate request for cadastral recording is not to be made.

The Ministry may issue regulations on conditions for cadastral registration, including on the content and formulation of cadastral registration requirements.

Section 9.Who may request registration of a cadastral unit

Cadastral registration of new ground property unit, 3D-unit or leasehold unit may be demanded by:

Cadastral registration of an unregistered ground property or leasehold may also be requested by:

Cadastral registration of a new farm common may be requested by those who have registered title as owners of the ground property units that form the common, together with the person who has registered title as owner of the ground property unit that the new farm common will be divided from or established on.

The Ministry may issue regulations on who may demand cadastral registration.

Section 10.General criteria for cadastral registration

Registration of a new ground property unit, new 3D-unit, new leasehold unit or new farm common in the Cadastre requires an advance permit pursuant to Section 20-2 of the Planning and Building Act. Municipal permission to section a cadastral parcel pursuant to Section 13 of the Condominium Unit Act must be in place before a new condominium unit can be entered into the Cadastre.

A new cadastral unit may only be established when it is clear which cadastral unit or cadastral units the new unit will be partitioned from or established on.

A new cadastral unit may be established with parts from several cadastral units with different title holders if the conditions for merging the parts are otherwise met.

A new cadastral unit may be established even if some of the existing cadastral boundaries are not marked and surveyed, if this does not impede the utilisation of the property unit, and:

A new cadastral unit may also be entered into the Cadastre when the unit is established by the Land Consolidation Court.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the entering of new cadastral units in the Cadastre, including exemptions from compulsory cadastral registration, and restricting and expanding the conditions for cadastral registration.

Section 11.Special provisions regarding cadastral registration of 3D-units

The registration of 3D-units requires documentation of the necessary approval pursuant to the Planning and Building Act, that shows the boundaries of the building or structure that is requested to be established as a 3D-unit. The same applies when existing buildings and structures are to be registered as 3D-units. Cadastral registration of 3D-units that concern constructions that do not yet exist, cannot take place until the conditions are met for initiation of the project in accordance with the Planning and Building Act. The 3D-unit in question shall be an independent functional property unit, clearly and permanently separated from the ground property unit or units or 3D-unit or units from which the new 3D-unit may be separated.

3D-units that are to be partitioned from other cadastral units, may only be established if:

The cadastral boundaries of the 3D-unit shall correspond to the physical perimeter of the 3D-unit, with necessary adaptations. 3D-units in the subsurface shall include the necessary safety zone.

If a 3D-unit and a ground property unit are to be utilized as one property, a document in this regard must be adjoined, as well as a statement that the property units cannot be sold or mortgaged separately.

Section 12.Special provisions regarding cadastral recording of leasehold units

Cadastral registration shall be carried out before part of a ground property unit or farm common is leased if the lease period could be longer than 10 years.

The same applies to extension for more than 10 years of the leasehold interest to unregistered leased land, and to leasehold units that is to be used as additional land to a cadastral unit.

Leasehold interests with a lease period of 10 years or less cannot be entered into the Cadastre.

Before any cadastral boundary change to a leasehold unit can be registered, that exceeds boundary adjustments processed pursuant to Section 16, a permit must have been granted equal to the one needed to register a new leasehold unit. Furthermore, the necessary statements must be obtained concerning changes to leasehold interests, pledge releases, and licenses for the land in question.

Cadastral surveying that changes the cadastral boundaries for leasehold units, may be requested by those mentioned in Section 9, first paragraph a) and f). In cases requested pursuant to Section 9, first paragraph a), consent must be provided on the part of the lessee. Changes to cadastral boundaries that include unregistered property may only be carried out if requested pursuant to Section 9, first paragraph f) and only at the same time as the unregistered property is registered.

The Ministry may issue regulations on cadastral registration of leasehold units, including who may request cadastral registration.

Section 13.Special provisions regarding cadastral registration of unregistered ground property units and unregistered leasehold units.

Legally established unregistered ground property units and unregistered leasehold units may be entered into the Cadastre when ownership or leasehold interests can be documented through agreements or another legal basis.

Section 14.Recording of farm commons

Farm commons may be recorded in the Cadastre with their own cadastral unit number when it has been substantiated that the unit is a farm common. Farm commons may be recorded even if the parties or their share in the farm common has not been fully identified The provisions of Section 10, fourth and fifth paragraphs, apply correspondingly.

Recording of farm commons may be requested by anyone who has substantiated having an interest in the common, or by the State, county authority or municipality.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the recording of farm commons.

Section 15.Land transfer

Land may be transferred between adjacent cadastral units without being partitioned into a separate cadastral unit. Prior to the recording of such land transferral, permission must be granted as for the partitioning of a new cadastral unit. Furthermore, the necessary statements must be obtained regarding the transfer of ownership, pledge release and licenses for the land in question.

Land transfer may be requested by the parties mentioned in Section 9, first paragraph a) and f). Land transfer involving unregistered properties, may only be carried out if requested pursuant to Section 9, first paragraph f), and only at the same time as the property units are entered into the Cadastre.

The Ministry may issue regulations on land transfers.

Section 16.Adjustment of cadastral boundaries

A boundary between cadastral units may be adjusted without obtaining a statement concerning pledge release. This applies correspondingly to adjustment of a cadastral boundary between a leasehold unit and the ground property unitor the farm common on which the leasehold unit is established. Cadastral boundaries may not be adjusted in violation of provisions issued in or pursuant to other legislation.

By adjustment, only minor areas of land may be transferred between the involved cadastral units. Unilateral transfers of minor areas of land may be carried out as cadastral boundary adjustments.

Mortgage liens and leasehold interests on a cadastral unit will correspond with the unit’s cadastral boundaries as they are determined following the cadastral boundary adjustment.

The provisions on mortgage liens apply correspondingly to other rights as far as applicable.

Adjustments of cadastral boundaries may be requested by those mentioned in Section 9. Changes to the boundaries of leasehold interests may only be registered in the Cadastre once consent is provided by the lessee. Adjustment of cadastral boundaries of an unregistered property unit may only be registered at the same time that the property unit is entered into the Cadastre.

The Ministry may issue regulations on boundary adjustment, including restrictions on the size and value of land being transferred between units.

Section 17.Clarification of existing cadastral boundaries, leasehold points and rights linked to a specific location

Cadastral registration of clarification of existing boundaries, leasehold points and rights tied to a specific location, carried out as a separate cadastral surveying, may be requested by

The Ministry may issue regulations on the clarification of existing cadastral boundaries, leasehold points, rights linked to a specific location, eligibility to requests such clarification and any exemptions from the requirement to perform a cadastral surveying.

Section 18.Merger of existing cadastral units

Cadastral units that are in the same municipality and have the same title holder may be merged. Leasehold units may be merged if they have been established on the same ground property unit, and the leases have the same terms and apply to the same parties. Mergers may not be in conflict with the provisions laid down in or pursuant to other legislation.

A merger may be requested by the person who has the registered title of ownership to the cadastral parcels in question.

The Ministry may issue regulations on mergers, including restricting and expanding eligibility for merger.

Section 19.Reference to agreement on boundaries etc.

Without cadastral surveying, the municipality may incorporate into the Cadastre references to agreements on existing boundaries for a cadastral unit, if the boundaries have not previously been determined in a cadastral surveying or similar surveying procedure pursuant to other or previous legislation. The same applies to agreements concerning the location of existing leasehold points without a determined location, and to agreements concerning the confirmation of permanent rights linked to a specific location that are not covered by Section 6, and that concern a part of a ground property unit, 3D-unit or leasehold unit or a part of a farm common or an outdoor area of a condominium unit.

The Ministry may issue in a regulation that such an agreement may only be registered in the Land Registry if the agreement has been referenced in the Cadastre.

The Ministry may issue regulations on agreements that may be referenced in the Cadastre.

Section 20.Determination of combined land holdings

The municipality may determine that two or more cadastral units that have the same owner and are used together, and that in an economic context appear to form a single estate, shall be recorded in the Cadastre as a combined land holding. The owner may demand such recording when the conditions are met.

If the municipality finds that the conditions have been changed, the municipality may amend or revoke the recording.

The owner shall be notified of such recording in a suitable and provable manner.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the determination of combined land holdings, including restricting and expanding the opportunity to make determinations on combined land holdings.

Section 21.Determination of official addresses

The municipality determines official addresses. Before the municipality makes a final decision, the parties affected by the decision shall be given the opportunity to comment.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the design, allocation, change and signposting of official addresses, and regarding the municipality’s authority to issue supplementary local regulations.

Section 22.General provisions concerning cadastral recording

The municipality shall process cadastral recording requests without undue delay. Cadastral recording requests that do not meet the conditions pursuant to this Act shall be refused. Refusals shall be in writing and justified. If the request has minor shortcomings, the municipality may still carry out cadastral recording. The municipality shall set a time limit for correcting the defect.

The municipality shall also record information from cases before the ordinary courts, the Land Consolidation Court or similar tribunal. The provisions of the first paragraph apply insofar as they are also applicable to cadastral recording of such information.

Public bodies shall record information in the Cadastre as provided for by law or regulation. Public bodies may record information in the Cadastre in agreement with the Central Cadastral Authority. Unimpeded by the duty of confidentiality, the Central Cadastral Authority may obtain information to be used in the Cadastre from the National Population Register and other administrative registers. Unimpeded by the duty of confidentiality, the municipality and the Central Cadastral Authority may obtain information from the National Population Register where this is necessary to carry out tasks pursuant to this Act.

Recording information in the Cadastre may only be carried out by a person who is approved by the Central Cadastral Authority.

Articles 13 and 14 of the General Data Protection Regulation do not apply to the keeping of information in the Cadastre.

Information classified pursuant to the Security Act shall be kept in a classified register.

The Ministry may issue regulations and individual or administrative decisions on the keeping of the Cadastre and issue regulations on what body may carry out tasks related to the recording of information in the Cadastre, including information to title holders or other concerned parties, time limits, reporting, quality control and storage of cadastral data, and the approval of persons who shall record information in the Cadastre.

Section 23.Assignment of cadastral unit number

The municipality assigns cadastral unit numbers when it enters the cadastral unit into the Cadastre.

The municipality may assign a new cadastral unit number to cadastral property units that are not identified in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

The Ministry may issue regulations and make individual administrative decisions or decisions on the assignment of cadastral numbers.

Section 24.Land registration and issuance of cadastral certificate etc.

As soon as a new cadastral unit, merger, change to a leasehold unit or condominium unit or land transfer has been entered into the Cadastre, the municipality shall send notice thereof for land registration. If the case concerns the establishment or change of a condominium unit, the municipality shall not, however, send the notice before possible appeals against the sectioning decision have been settled, cf. Section 17 of the Condominium Act.

It shall be clear from the notice used to register the cadastral unit in the Land Register whether the cadastral unit is a ground property unit, 3D-unit, condominium unit, farm common or leasehold unit.

Once the municipality has received notice that the land registration has been carried out as prescribed, the municipality shall complete the cadastral recording, and confirm this by issuing a cadastral certificate. The date of the completed registration, merger, change or land transfer shall be deemed to be concurrent with the land registration. The municipality shall send the cadastral certificate to the person who requested the cadastral surveying. If a cadastral boundary shared by other cadastral units is remarked or resurveyed, the municipality shall send the cadastral certificate in question to owners and any lessees of these units. The cover letter shall inform the recipient of their right to appeal and the appeal time limits.

In cases that concern land for public roads or railways, land registration shall take place only when it is specifically requested. In cases concerning land transfers or the registration of a new cadastral unit, the State, state-owned enterprise, county authority and municipality may confirm its right of ownership by a self- declaration for land that will be used for public roads or railways. The provisions in Section 1-11, fourth paragraph of the Security Interests in Property Act apply to the lapse of mortgages on land that is part of land for public roads or railways.

In cases concerning cadastral registration of unregistered land or unregistered leased land pursuant to Section 13, or the recording of farm commons pursuant to Section 14, registration of land rights shall only take place when specifically requested.

The Ministry may issue regulations on notification for registration of land rights and issuance of cadastral certificates etc., and the opportunity to confirm right of ownership by a self-declaration and may accordingly establish procedures that ensure consistency between the Cadastre and the Land Register.

Section 25.Cadastral recording of information about buildings, addresses, condominium units, municipal orders, etc.

The municipality shall assign building numbers and register new buildings in the Cadastre at the same time as building permits are granted. Complete information on buildings and dwellings shall be recoded no later than when the building can legally be taken into use. The Cadastre shall also be updated when a building project means that the information in the Cadastre must be amended, or when the municipality becomes aware in another manner that the information about a building is not in accordance with the actual conditions.

Official addresses with related information shall be recorded in the Cadastre as soon as an address is assigned. The same shall apply upon change of official address or related information.

The municipality shall record new condominium units in the Cadastre once the municipality has given permission for sectioning. A cadastral surveying shall be carried out for condominium units with their own outdoor area, cf. Section 6.

Municipal orders concerning the use of land and buildings shall be recorded in the Cadastre as soon as the order is adopted, amended, or repealed.

The municipality shall moreover record information based on other municipal procedures when it is established by statute or regulations that such information shall be recorded in the Cadastre.

The Ministry may issue regulations on reporting and recording information about buildings, addresses, condominium units and other information the municipality shall record in the Cadastre, and regarding the municipality’s power to establish supplementary local regulations.

Section 26.Correction of information in the Cadastre and deletion of cadastral units

The municipality may delete a cadastral unit from the Cadastre if there were no grounds for the establishment of the unit. The same applies to cadastral units that physically no longer exist. If the cadastral unit is registered in the Land Registry, it may only be deleted in the Cadastre if it is simultaneously deleted in the Land Registry.

Condominium units that are deleted in the Land Registry by a decision pursuant to Section 22, second paragraph of the Condominium Act, shall be deleted from the Cadastre. The municipality completes the deletion by issuing a cadastral certificate in accordance with Section 24, third paragraph.

Information about cadastral boundaries and geographical information regarding leasehold points and rights tied to a specific location may only be supplemented or changed by a new cadastral surveying, cf. Section 17, a final and enforceable judgement by the courts, cf. Section 22, second paragraph, or agreement between the parties where the conditions for this are met, cf. Section 19. The municipality may nevertheless correct such information where it is documented that the information is incorrect, and this is due to errors in the recording or in the maintenance of the Cadastre.

Other information may be corrected by the body that registers the information, if it is incorrect, incomplete, the grounds for recording have ceased to apply, or there is no opportunity to process it in the Cadastre. The body shall correct the information when a party submits a claim for correction in this regard and can document that there are grounds for correcting the information. The municipality or the Central Cadastral Authority may on its own initiative correct the information where this has a significant impact on the Cadastre as a uniform and reliable register.

Parties affected by correction, changes or additions shall be notified.

This section shall take precedence over Article 16 of the General Data Protection Regulations concerning correction of personal data.

The Ministry may issue regulations on corrections, changes and additions to the Cadastre, and the deletion of cadastral units, including notification and when notification can be omitted.

Section 27.Supplementation of the information in the Cadastre

The Ministry may issue regulations stipulating that an owner, title holder or lessee of a land, building or building part may enter information about the land, building or building part in the Cadastre, including requirements for electronic entry of such information, and identification of the person who is to be able to undertake such supplementation.

The Central Cadastral Authority or the municipality may order an owner, title holder or lessee of the land, building or building part to obtain information about existing cadastral units, buildings, dwellings, and addresses, which it is stipulated by statute or regulation that the Cadastre shall contain. The Ministry may issue regulations on such supplementation, including which bodies that shall record the data in the Cadastre, and the public bodies' duty to report such information.

The Ministry may issue regulations stipulating that if an owner or title holder of real estate has a duty to disclose information as mentioned in the second paragraph to the tax authorities, the tax authorities may report the information to the Central Cadastral Authority. The tax authorities may carry out such reporting unimpeded by the duty of confidentiality pursuant to the Tax Administration Act.

Section 28.Oversight of cadastral recording

The Central Cadastral Authority shall ensure that the Cadastre is recorded in compliance with statutes and regulations and may issue orders for correction of information or other measures to correct defects in the manner data are recorded. The rules in the Chapter 30 of the Local Government Act apply to oversight of the municipalities.

Section 29.Access to information

Everyone has a right to access information about the Cadastre. The Central Cadastral Authority and municipalities shall ensure that information about the Cadastre is available on request.

The municipality shall issue a cadastral certificate when a person named in Section 9 so demands.

The Ministry may issue regulations on access to the Cadastre.

Section 30.Disclosure and processing of information from the Cadastre

Cadastral data may be disclosed for use related to:

Cadastral data may be disclosed for other purposes if the person to whom the information is to be provided shall ensure a legitimate interest, and consideration for the privacy of data subjects does not outweigh this interest.

Cadastral data that does not contain personal data, or only includes data that identifies, locates, or specifies types of cadastral parcels, buildings or addresses, may be provided for all types of use.

Conditions may be attached to the disclosure and processing of cadastral data.

Cadastral information shall not be disclosed when so dictated by vital personal or public interests.

National identity numbers may only be disclosed if the conditions in Section 12 of the Personal Data Act are met.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the processing, disclosure and sale of information.

Section 31.Use of cadastral units in public administrative procedures, use of maps together with the Cadastre, etc.

Public administrative procedures that link information to cadastral units, buildings, dwellings or official addresses shall use the designations registered in the Cadastre.

In respect of access to the Cadastre, and for use in cadastral surveyings pursuant to this Act, maps showing technical and topographical conditions on and in the vicinity of the cadastral unit in question shall be available together with information from the Cadastre. The municipality shall make available to the Central Cadastral Authority the information from the municipality's mappings that is necessary to produce such maps.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the use of cadastral units in other public registers and use of maps together with the Cadastre, including rules governing the transfer of information from the municipality's mappings for use in such map sections.

Section 32.Public fees and payment for cadastral data

The municipality may charge fees for cadastral surveying, cadastral recording, issuing of cadastral certificates and other work pursuant to this Act according to regulations established by the municipal council. The authority that issues surveyor licenses may charge a fee for this service. Fees cannot in total exceed the necessary expenses the municipality has in connection with such work. For cadastral registration of condominium units, no other fees may be charged than those stipulated in Section 15 of the Condominium Act.

No payment may be charged for access to information from the Cadastre. No payment may be charged for access to the Cadastre by personal appearance at the municipality or Central Cadastral Authority.

The Ministry may issue regulations on fees and payment for information from the Cadastre.

Section 33.Cadastral surveying

The purpose of a cadastral surveying is to clarify and describe cadastral boundaries and rights in line with the parties' claims and submitted documents, and otherwise obtain information and documentation necessary for cadastral recording and land registration. The person carrying out the cadastral surveying shall protect all parties' interests and conduct the survey in accordance with published standards and code of conduct.

Should doubts or disputes arise during the survey about an existing cadastral boundary, and no agreement is reached, so shall be noted in the request for cadastral recording.

In cadastral surveying concerning the establishment of a new cadastral unit or land transfer, new cadastral boundaries shall be marked in the field in accordance with municipal permits under the Planning and Building Act. New cadastral boundaries for outdoor areas of condominium units shall be marked in accordance with the decision in this regard, pursuant to the Condominium Act. The person carrying out the survey may consent to minor deviations in order to achieve a practical cadastral boundary based on conditions in the terrain.

The parties and the person carrying out the survey have access to private and public land in accordance with Section 41.

Cadastral surveying of land that is the subject of a case before the Land Consolidation Court shall be carried out by the Land Consolidation Court pursuant to the provisions of the Land Consolidation Act, unless the Land Consolidation Court decides otherwise.

The Ministry may issue regulations on notification and public notice to creditors, and about conducting and documenting a cadastral surveying.

Section 34.Marking and surveying of cadastral boundaries

When ground property units, new leased land, new farm commons and outdoor areas of condominium units are subject to cadastral surveying, all cadastral boundaries shall be physically marked and surveyed on site and specified with coordinates. Marking and surveying are not necessary for cadastral boundaries satisfactorily marked and specified by coordinates in earlier cadastral surveyings or cases before the Land Consolidation Court, when the outdoor area of the condominium unit is unambiguously established with coordinates, or where this is permitted pursuant to Section 10, fourth paragraph. The coordinates shall be established in a geodetic reference frame which is approved by the Central Cadastral Authority.

3D-units shall be similarly mapped. For point-leased land, the anchor point shall be marked and measured.

For cadastral registration of unregistered ground property, unregistered leasehold, and recording of farm commons, it is sufficient that the cadastral boundaries are shown on maps approved by the municipality for such use.

The provisions concerning marking and surveying apply similarly to land transfer, cadastral boundary adjustment and clarification of existing cadastral boundaries.

The Ministry may issue regulations on marking, surveying, and mapping of cadastral units, including when surveying and physical boundary marking may be omitted.

Section 35.Requisition and completion of cadastral surveying

Requisitions for cadastral surveying shall be submitted to the municipality responsible for the cadastral recording of the result of the survey. The municipality shall carry out and register the survey in the Cadastre without undue delay. The municipality and the applicant may agree to extend the deadline for completion in accordance with regulations issued by the Ministry.

The municipality shall designate a land surveyor for each cadastral surveying. The land surveyor must hold a valid surveying license. The land surveyor shall safeguard the interests of all parties, examine relevant documents, and further ensure that the surveying is carried out in accordance with published standards and code of conduct.

The municipality may reject requisitions for clarification of existing cadastral boundaries pursuant to Section 17, first paragraph a) if a cadastral surveying or similar survey concerning the cadastral boundary in question was previously conducted pursuant to other or earlier legislation.

The County Governor may decide that the completion and cadastral recording of a cadastral surveying that has not been completed or recorded within the specified time limit, shall be performed at the municipality's expense.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the requisition and completion of the cadastral surveying, including deadlines and any rejection of requisition, and on conducting a cadastral surveying and cadastral recording pursuant to decisions by the County Governor.

Section 36.(Repealed)

Section 37.(Repealed)

Section 38.Issuance of surveying licenses etc.

Upon application, the Ministry may issue a surveying license to persons who:

Surveying licenses may be revoked temporarily or permanently in the event of breaches of provisions or permits issued pursuant to this Act, the Planning and Building Act, or Condominium Act, having received repeated warnings, or if the land surveyor is unable to satisfy the conditions for holding a surveying license. A land surveyor who no longer satisfies the requirements for holding a surveying license shall, within 14 days, send a notification thereof to the issuing authority.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the conditions for licensing, granting and the revocation of surveying licenses, requirements for supplementary education, and fees.

Section 39.Geodetic reference frame

The State Geodetic Agency shall determine and make available a geodetic reference frame to the whole country so that mapping and surveying work and other use of geodetic coordinates can take place within a common, unambiguous frame of reference.

The municipality shall determine additional geodetic data when duties under this Act or the Planning and Building Act so require and make them available to users of such data.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the distribution of geodetic data and the mandatory use of the national geodetic reference frame for mapping and surveying work.

Section 40.(Repealed)

Section 41.The right to carry out surveying work on public and private land

Surveying work in connection with work under this Act, the Planning and Building Act, or the Condominium Act may, subject to restrictions pursuant to law, be carried out on public and private land. In so far as the purpose makes it possible, the work shall be done without causing inconvenience to the landowner or other interests. The same applies to other surveying tasks that are carried out on behalf of the State, state-owned enterprise or municipality, or under the supervision of the municipality or on behalf of the State Geodetic Agency.

Benchmarks and signals may be established, and surveying instruments may be set up in conjunction with surveying work pursuant to the first paragraph. Except for in gardens and parks, sight lines may be cleared for measurements where necessary. On uncultivated land, materials for benchmarks and signals may be gathered on site.

Owners or users of the property may refuse the installation of benchmarks or signals pursuant to the second paragraph on buildings, farmyards, parks, or gardens, should they be unsightly or cause major inconvenience.

Passage associated with the establishment, verification and maintenance of the national geodetic infrastructure, and in connection with the surveying of administrative boundaries, may take place with the use of motor vehicles, boats, and aircraft in areas where such passage is restricted pursuant to law or by virtue of private property rights, when this is strictly necessary and does not cause major harm to flora or fauna.

If the work causes damage or inconvenience beyond a reasonable, acceptable level, the person who has suffered harm may claim compensation.

The Ministry may issue regulations on surveying work including to which other laws the right to perform surveying work shall correspondingly apply and who has the right to carry out the surveying work.

Section 42.Removal of survey marks and signals

The removal of marks and signals may be demanded if the use of the land renders this necessary. Removal shall be carried out by the owner of the mark or signal. Removal of cadastral boundary markers may only take place upon agreement with the municipality.

Survey marks and signals may in all circumstances be removed by the municipality or the State Geodetic Agency if they are designed and placed in such a manner that they could be confused with nearby marks and related signals. Expired or invalid cadastral boundary markers, or marks that could be confused with a valid cadastral boundary marker may in all circumstances be removed by the municipality or the Land Consolidation Court.

Removal of survey marks and signals included in an overall national geodetic infrastructure may not be demanded pursuant to the first paragraph or removed by the municipality pursuant to the second paragraph, first sentence. The same applies to baseline points and monumental survey stations.

If compensation is granted pursuant to Section 41, repayment of the compensation amount may be wholly or partially demanded upon removal pursuant to the first paragraph, if the amount exceeds the loss incurred.

The Ministry may issue regulations on the procedure for removing marks and signals.

Section 43.Notification

Prior to the commencement of surveying work, all persons affected by the work shall be notified in an appropriate manner, according to the circumstances.

The Ministry may issue regulations on notification.

Section 44.Expropriation

The municipality or the State may carry out expropriation for executing and securing measures and facilities in connection with control point surveying. The Act relating to the Expropriation of Land shall apply correspondingly.

Section 45.Discretionary assessment

Compensation for expropriation under Section 44, damage and inconvenience due to actions under Section 41, and repayment under Section 42, fourth paragraph shall be determined by discretionary assessment if the parties do not reach agreement among themselves. The discretionary assessment shall be directed by the Land Consolidation Court.

Section 46.Appeals, advance notice and notification of decision etc.

Appeals may be filed against the following decisions pursuant to this Act:

The appellate body is the Ministry, or the appeals body designated by the Ministry. The rules governing appeals against individual administrative decisions in Chapter VI of the Public Administration Act apply to all appeals pursuant to the first paragraph.

The Ministry may issue regulations on appeals, advance notices, and notifications.

Section 47.Disputes concerning surveying work

Disputes concerning the execution of surveying work pursuant to Section 41, or concerning removing marks or signals pursuant to Section 42 shall be decided by the County Governor. The County Governor's decision may not be appealed.

Section 48.Coercive fines

The municipality or the Central Cadastral Authority may decide to impose coercive fines to implement decisions made pursuant to this Act. Decisions may give rise to coercive fines only if the decision sets a time limit for execution. Fines may be issued as daily fines or a one-off amount. Decisions on coercive fines are enforceable by execution. The Ministry may issue regulations on the determination, calculation and waiver of coercive fines.

Section 49.Damage to benchmarks, etc.

Any person who wilfully or by negligence unlawfully alters, moves, damages, or renders useless a benchmark, signal or instrument set up for measurements, shall be punished by fines or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months.

The perpetrator shall compensate the loss that the owner of the benchmark, signal, or instrument has incurred as a result of acts pursuant to the first paragraph.

Section 50.Entry into force

This Act enters into force from the time the King decides. The King may implement the individual provisions at different times.

The provisions of Section 7 shall enter into force no earlier than four years after the Act enters into force.

The Ministry may by regulations issue further provisions on implementation, including rules for implementation at different times in different municipalities. In municipalities where the Cadastre has not been put into operation, information shall be registered in the Ground Property, Address and Building Register and on the existing cadastral maps.

Section 51.Transitional rules

Map and land subdivision surveys that are requested before the Act enters into force shall be completed pursuant to the provisions of the Land Subdivision Act. Requests for sectioning of real estate pursuant to the Condominium Act shall be completed pursuant to the rules that applied when this Act entered into force.

The State represented by the Central Cadastral Authority has the right to transfer all the data in the municipalities' analogue and digital map series, records and electronic databases that is to be entered in the Cadastre, including other information necessary for achieving an efficient transfer. The same applies to similar data from digital maps and electronic databases that the municipality or state bodies administer in collaboration with others, or that are administered by enterprises on behalf of the municipality or government body.

The Ministry may by regulations issue further transitional provisions, including provisions on the transfer of data from municipalities and government bodies.

Section 52.Amendment of other Acts

The following amendments shall be made in other acts from the date decided by the King:

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