:target

:target {
  /* ... */
}

<h3>目录</h3>
<ol>
  <li><a href="#p1">跳转到第一个段落！</a></li>
  <li><a href="#p2">跳转到第二个段落！</a></li>
  <li><a href="#nowhere">此链接不会跳转，因为目标不存在。</a></li>
</ol>

<h3>我的趣味文章</h3>
<p id="p1">你可以使用 URL 片段定位此<i>段落</i>。点击上面的链接试试吧！</p>
<p id="p2">这是<i>另一个段落</i>，也可以从上面的链接访问。这不是很愉快吗？</p>

p:target {
  background-color: gold;
}

/* 在目标元素中增加一个伪元素*/
p:target::before {
  font: 70% sans-serif;
  content: "►";
  color: limegreen;
  margin-right: 0.25em;
}

/*在目标元素中使用 italic 样式*/
p:target i {
  color: red;
}

<ul>
  <li><a href="#example1">打开示例 #1</a></li>
  <li><a href="#example2">打开示例 #2</a></li>
</ul>

<div class="lightbox" id="example1">
  <figure>
    <a href="#" class="close"></a>
    <figcaption>
      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec felis enim,
      placerat id eleifend eu, semper vel sem.
    </figcaption>
  </figure>
</div>

<div class="lightbox" id="example2">
  <figure>
    <a href="#" class="close"></a>
    <figcaption>
      Cras risus odio, pharetra nec ultricies et, mollis ac augue. Nunc et diam
      quis sapien dignissim auctor. Quisque quis neque arcu, nec gravida magna.
    </figcaption>
  </figure>
</div>

/* Unopened lightbox */
.lightbox {
  display: none;
}

/* Opened lightbox */
.lightbox:target {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Lightbox content */
.lightbox figcaption {
  width: 25rem;
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.5em;
  background-color: lightpink;
}

/* Close button */
.lightbox .close {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
}

.lightbox .close::after {
  right: -1rem;
  top: -1rem;
  width: 2rem;
  height: 2rem;
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  z-index: 1;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background-color: black;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: white;
  content: "×";
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* Lightbox overlay */
.lightbox .close::before {
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: fixed;
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
  content: "";
  cursor: default;
}