1. 面向开发者的 Web 技术
  2. CSS：层叠样式表
  3. CSS 参考
  4. 属性
  5. grid

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grid

基线
广泛可用

自 2017年10月 起，此特性已在主流浏览器中得到支持，可在大多数设备和浏览器版本中正常使用。

grid 是一个 CSS 简写属性，可以用来设置以下属性： 显式网格属性 grid-template-rows、grid-template-columns 和 grid-template-areas， 隐式网格属性 grid-auto-rows、grid-auto-columns 和 grid-auto-flow， 间距属性 grid-column-gap 和 grid-row-gap。

尝试一下

grid: auto-flow / 1fr 1fr 1fr;

grid: auto-flow dense / 40px 40px 1fr;

grid: repeat(3, 80px) / auto-flow;

<section class="default-example" id="default-example">
  <div class="example-container">
    <div class="transition-all" id="example-element">
      <div>One</div>
      <div>Two</div>
      <div>Three</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</section>

#example-element {
  border: 1px solid #c5c5c5;
  display: grid;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  width: 200px;
}

#example-element :nth-child(1) {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid blue;
}

#example-element :nth-child(2) {
  background-color: rgba(255, 0, 200, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid rebeccapurple;
  grid-column: auto / span 3;
  grid-row: auto / span 2;
}

#example-element :nth-child(3) {
  background-color: rgba(94, 255, 0, 0.2);
  border: 3px solid green;
  grid-column: auto / span 2;
}

备注：你仅可在一个 grid 属性中声明显式或隐式网格。与其他简写属性同样，若有次级属性未被声明，其将使用初始值。另外，尽管此简写声明无法设置网格的槽（gutter），槽会被该声明重置。

语法

css
/* <'grid-template'> values */
grid: none;
grid: "a" 100px "b" 1fr;
grid: [linename1] "a" 100px [linename2];
grid: "a" 200px "b" min-content;
grid: "a" minmax(100px, max-content) "b" 20%;
grid: 100px / 200px;
grid: minmax(400px, min-content) / repeat(auto-fill, 50px);

/* <'grid-template-rows'> /
   [ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-columns'>? values */
grid: 200px / auto-flow;
grid: 30% / auto-flow dense;
grid: repeat(3, [line1 line2 line3] 200px) / auto-flow 300px;
grid: [line1] minmax(20em, max-content) / auto-flow dense 40%;

/* [ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-rows'>? /
   <'grid-template-columns'> values */
grid: auto-flow / 200px;
grid: auto-flow dense / 30%;
grid: auto-flow 300px / repeat(3, [line1 line2 line3] 200px);
grid: auto-flow dense 40% / [line1] minmax(20em, max-content);

/* Global values */
grid: inherit;
grid: initial;
grid: unset;

值

<'grid-template'>

定义了 grid-template，其包含 grid-template-columns，grid-template-rows 和 grid-template-areas。

<'grid-template-rows'> / [ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-columns'>? 通过 grid-template-rows 属性显式设置行轨道来设置自动流（grid-template-columns 属性设为 none），并通过 grid-auto-columns 明确该如何自动重复列轨道（同时grid-auto-rows属性设为 auto）。grid-auto-flow 属性也被相应的设置为 column，并可附有 dense。

所有其余 grid 次级属性被重置为初始值。

[ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-rows'>? / <'grid-template-columns'>

通过 grid-template-columns 属性显式设置列轨道来设置自动流（grid-template-rows 属性设为 none），并通过 grid-auto-rows 明确该如何自动重复行轨道（同时grid-auto-columns属性设为 auto）。grid-auto-flow 属性也被相应的设置为 row，并可附有 dense。 所有其余 grid 次级属性被重置为初始值。

标准语法

grid = 
  <'grid-template'>                                   |
  <'grid-template-rows'> / [ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-columns'>?  |
  [ auto-flow && dense? ] <'grid-auto-rows'>? / <'grid-template-columns'>  

<grid-template> = 
  none                                                |
  [ <'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'> ]  |
  [ <line-names>? <string> <track-size>? <line-names>? ]+ [ / <explicit-track-list> ]?  

<grid-template-rows> = 
  none                       |
  <track-list>               |
  <auto-track-list>          |
  subgrid <line-name-list>?  

<grid-auto-columns> = 
  <track-size>+  

<grid-auto-rows> = 
  <track-size>+  

<grid-template-columns> = 
  none                       |
  <track-list>               |
  <auto-track-list>          |
  subgrid <line-name-list>?  

<line-names> = 
  '[' <custom-ident>* ']'  

<track-size> = 
  <track-breadth>                                   |
  minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> )  |
  fit-content( <length-percentage [0,∞]> )          

<explicit-track-list> = 
  [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>?  

<track-list> = 
  [ <line-names>? [ <track-size> | <track-repeat> ] ]+ <line-names>?  

<auto-track-list> = 
  [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>? <auto-repeat> [ <line-names>? [ <fixed-size> | <fixed-repeat> ] ]* <line-names>?  

<line-name-list> = 
  [ <line-names> | <name-repeat> ]+  

<track-breadth> = 
  <length-percentage [0,∞]>  |
  <flex [0,∞]>               |
  min-content                |
  max-content                |
  auto                       

<inflexible-breadth> = 
  <length-percentage [0,∞]>  |
  min-content                |
  max-content                |
  auto                       

<length-percentage> = 
  <length>      |
  <percentage>  

<track-repeat> = 
  repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )  

<fixed-size> = 
  <fixed-breadth>                                   |
  minmax( <fixed-breadth> , <track-breadth> )       |
  minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <fixed-breadth> )  

<fixed-repeat> = 
  repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> ] , [ <line-names>? <fixed-size> ]+ <line-names>? )  

<auto-repeat> = 
  repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>? )  

<name-repeat> = 
  repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> | auto-fill ] , <line-names>+ )  

<integer> = 
  <number-token>  

<fixed-breadth> = 
  <length-percentage [0,∞]>

实例

HTML

html
<div id="container">
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
  <div></div>
</div>

CSS

css
#container {
  display: grid;
  grid: repeat(2, 60px) / auto-flow 80px;
}

#container > div {
  background-color: #8ca0ff;
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
}

结果

规范

规范
CSS Grid Layout Module Level 2
# grid-shorthand

浏览器兼容性

参见

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