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Thyroid and anti thyroid drugs OM VERMA 2024.pdf

The document discusses various hormonal classes produced by the adrenal cortex, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, emphasizing their roles in metabolism and body regulation. It also covers the thyroid gland's hormones, such as thyroxine and calcitonin, and their impact on physiological processes, as well as the roles of the anterior and posterior pituitary glands in hormone production and regulation. Additionally, the document highlights calcium metabolism and medications relevant to thyroid function and calcium regulation.

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GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING ABHANPUR RAIPUR C.G Thyroid and anti thyroid drugs And Steroids And Steroids PRESENTED BY OM VERMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
ADRENAL CORTEX It produces three types of hormones: ►Glucocorticoids: CHO metabolism ►Mineralo-corticoids: Salt And Water Balance Salt And Water Balance ►Adrenal androgens: expression of sex characteristics ► All three hormone are collectively known as corticosteroids or steroids.
A. Glucocorticoids: ADRENAL CORTEX It produces three types of hormones: B. Mineralo-corticoids: C. Adrenal androgens:
A. GLUCO-CORTICOIDS: Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced from the cortex of adrenal glands (gluco-corti-coids: glucose- glands (gluco-corti-coids: glucose- cortex-steroids). Glucocorticoids have a vital role in the glucose, protein, and fat metabolism of the body.
Mechanism of action
NURSING IMPLICATION SIDE EFFECTS: Increase blood sugar Abnormal fat (face and trunk)Muscle wasting High blood pressures Edema Euphoria- is a feeling of intense Euphoria- is a feeling of intense happiness, excitement, or well- being. It can be a side effect of certain drugs, long term use can cause adrenal atrophy (loss of adrenal gland
B. MINERALO-CORTICOIDS: Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body, and are essential for life. The main mineralo-corticoid is aldosterone, which is produced in the adrenal cortex.
Mechanism of action: Aldosterone maintain fluid balance by promoting the balance by promoting the reabsorption of Na and Increases loss of potassium. Example: Fludro-cortisone Replacement therapy in aldostreone deficiency as in addison’s disease
C. ADRENAL ANDROGENS , Normally secreted by the fetal adrenal zone and the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex, are steroid hormones with weak androgenic activity. weak androgenic activity. EX- Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS Anabolic steroids are synthetic (man- made) versions of testosterone. Testosterone is the main sex hormone in men. It is needed to develop and men. It is needed to develop and maintain male sex characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth.
Thyroid and Anti-thyroid Drugs Anti-thyroid Drugs
THYROID GLAND The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of the neck. The thyroid gland produces three hormones: ► Thyroxine (T4) ► Thyroxine (T4) ► Triiodothyronine (T3) ► Calcitonin lodine Is Essential For The Formation Of The Thyroid Gland Hormons.These Hormones Mainly Control Intracellular Protein Synthesis Thus Exert Different Physiological Impact On The Body.
Parathormone, also known as parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathyrin, is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood. The parathyroid glands, which are located in the neck, produce PTH in response to low calcium levels in the blood. PTH helps the body use and store calcium by: •Bones: PTH signals bones to release calcium into the •Bones: PTH signals bones to release calcium into the blood. •Intestines: PTH helps the intestines absorb calcium from food. •Kidneys: PTH helps the kidneys keep calcium in the blood instead of removing it through urine.
Calcitonin is a hormone that helps control the level of calcium in blood. Calcitonin is made in thyroid gland by cells called "C cells." thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in neck. Normally, you have a small amount of calcitonin in your blood. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is in a class of medications Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is in a class of medications called vitamin D analogs. Cholecalciferol is needed by the body for healthy bones, muscles, nerves, and to support the immune system. It works by helping the body to use more of the calcium found in foods or supplements.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS Neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 100 neutrophils per microlitre of the blood
MECHANISM OF ACTION:  High levels of iodide that will reduce iodine uptake Inhibit thyroid hormone production production  Block the release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Example: - Sodium iodide - Potassium iodide
Mechanism of action : Thyroid hormones are a synthetic form of thyroxine(T4) Thus increase metabolic rate in body tissues Stimulate protein body tissues Stimulate protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis Examples: Levothyroxine sodium (T4) Liothyronine sodium (T3)
PITUITARY GLAND
1. ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND 2. THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY 2. THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY
1. THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND, is the front lobe of the pituitary gland, which is a small, pea- sized gland located at the base of the brain. The anterior pituitary is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate many bodily processes, including: Growth Growth Metabolism Reproduction Stress response Lactation
2. THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY Is the back lobe of the pituitary gland, which is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hormones: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or vasopressin: regulates water balance and sodium levels in the body. Oxytocin: helps with labor and childbirth, breast milk flow, and bonding between parent and baby. In people assigned male at birth, oxytocin plays a role in moving sperm.
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE MECHANISM OF ACTION:  Antidiuretic hormones promote reabsorption of water within the kidneys.  Vasopressin cause vasoconstriction because of the contraction of vascular smooth muscle.  Con………………
Examples: Desmopressin Vasopressin INDICATION: Antidiuretic hormones are used to treat diabetes insipides Antidiuretic hormones are used to treat diabetes insipides . Vasopressin is used in cardiac arrest. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Pregnancy Coronary artery disease Decreased peripheral circulation Con………………
CALCIUM METABOLISM Is The Process Of Regulating Calcium Levels In The Body, Which Is Essential For Many Metabolic Processes: •Bone remodeling: Bones store and release calcium as needed, and this process is known as bone remodeling. •Hormonal regulation: The parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D endocrine system regulates calcium metabolism through a series of feedback loops. •Dietary intake: The amount of calcium in the diet affects calcium metabolism. •Kidney function: The kidneys filter calcium and reabsorb most of it, with only a small amount appearing in urine. •Intestinal absorption: The small intestine absorbs about 30% of dietary calcium. •Blood clotting: Calcium metabolism is important for blood clotting. •Muscle contraction: Calcium metabolism is important for muscle contraction. •Nerve function: Calcium metabolism is important for nerve function.
CALCIUM SALTS (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium citrate) are used as supplements in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis when treatment of osteoporosis when dietary intake of calcium is insufficient.
Thyroid and anti thyroid drugs OM VERMA 2024.pdf