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otalgia- JUN 2023 OM VERMA.pdf

Otalgia, or ear pain, can be caused by infections, tumors, or other issues that affect the ear, face, neck or throat. Diagnostic tests like dental x-rays, CT/MRI scans, audiograms and vestibular tests help identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, analgesics, steroids or surgery. Accurately diagnosing the source of referred ear pain is important for successful management.

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GRACIOUS COLLEGE OF NURSING OTALGIA PRESENTED BY OM VERMA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
According to luckmans Pain in the inner or outer ear that may interfere with ability to hear, often caused by excess fluid and infection. According to Brunner and suddharth’s
( Secondary otalgia )
Infection in vesicles on the tympanic membrane
A. VIA TRIGEMINAL NERVE TEETH INFECTION - impacted 3rd molar mal- occlusion ORAL CAVITY INFECTION ulcer, malignancy, LUDWIG'S ANGINA, - is a type of bacterial infection that occurs in the floor of the mouth, under the tongue. mouth, under the tongue. SIALADENITIS A salivary gland infection is also called sialadenitis and is caused by bacteria or viruses. A salivary stone or other blockage of the salivary gland duct can contribute to an acute infection. Chronic inflammation of a salivary gland can cause it to stop functioning.
Oral cavity infection Salivary calculus Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones), is a condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland then lead the ear pain
Temporo-mandibular joint: arthritis, dysfunction. Nose & PNS (Para nasal sinuses) : impacted DNS (Deviated nasal impacted DNS (Deviated nasal septum), sinusitis, neoplasm Nasopharynx: Infection, post- adenoidectomy, adenoiditis, tumor
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA Is A Condition That Causes Painful Sensations Similar To An Electric Shock On One Side Of The Face On One Side Of The Face
Eagle's syndrome is a condition associated with the elongation ( lengthened) of the styloid process or calcification of the stylohyoid calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, clinically characterized by throat and neck pain, radiating into the ear.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare condition in which there are repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils. This can last from a few seconds to a few minutes
C ) VIA FACIAL NERVE Herpes zoster oticus -a viral infection of a nerve that causes a painful rash on the face including the ear. Vestibular schwannoma - a benign tumor that develops on the balance (vestibular) and hearing,
D ) VIA VAGUS NERVE – larynx and hypo pharynx neoplasm ,infection ,tuberculosis ,trauma foreign body E ) VIA SECOND AND THIRD CERVICAL NERVE Herpes zoster ,cervical spondylosis ( a painful condition of the spine ) and arthritis
Lead to otalgia
Symptoms include dizziness, hearing loss, nausea and vomiting and rapid involuntary nausea and vomiting and rapid involuntary eye movement. Sore throats (pharyngitis) or tonsillitis.and dental problems
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS History taking Physical examination Complete blood cell count Dental radiography Dental radiography CT scanning and MRI PET scanning Audiometry Vestibulocochlear testing
Dental radiographs commonly known as X-rays, are radiographs used to diagnose hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and cavities and identification for ear pain . CT scans and MRI provide pictures of tissues, organs, and skeletal structure while MRIs are more detailed and can show abnormal tissue
Positron emission tomography (PET) scans It is used to produce detailed three-dimensional images of the inside of the body. The images can clear show the part of the body being , clear show the part of the body being investigated, including any abnormal areas, and can highlight how well certain functions of the body are working. ,
Audiometry Ear Test An audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary, based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone). Hearing occurs when sound waves stimulate the nerves of the inner ear. waves stimulate the nerves of the inner ear. An audiogram is a graph that shows the softest sounds a person can hear at different pitches or frequencies. The closer the marks are to the top of the graph
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Test The Rinne and Weber tests are commonly used to assess for sensorineural and conductive deafness ( when sounds cannot conductive deafness ( when sounds cannot get through the outer and middle ear. ) I. In the Weber test, the base of a gently vibrating tuning fork is placed on the midforehead or the vertex. The patient is asked which ear hears the sound better.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Identification of a causative etiology is often necessary to successfully treat referred otalgia. Once determined, most causes of referred otalgia can be readily treated. otalgia can be readily treated. Use antibiotics in treating various types of infections (eg, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis). Use antiviral if the causative agent is suspected to be viral, such as in cases associated with herpes zoster
Otalgia Medication: Antibiotics, Amoxicillin Antiviral, Acyclovir Antifungal, Fluconazole Antifungal, Fluconazole Analgesics. benzocaine otic
Acetaminophen is in a class of medications called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (fever reducers). It works by changing the way the body senses pain and by cooling the body. 650 mg once every 4-6 hours Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever. Adults—400 milligrams (mg) every four hours,
Antiviral, Acyclovir Is used to decrease pain and speed the healing of sores or blisters in people who have varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster 200 mg every 4 hr Antibiotics, Amoxicillin Mild to moderate disease: 500 mg every 12 hours, or 250 mg every 8 hours for 5 - 7 days. It works 250 mg every 8 hours for 5 - 7 days. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Analgesics. Antipyrine and benzocaine otic Antipyrine 54 mg, Benzocaine 14 mg; is used to relieve ear pain and swelling caused by middle ear infections.
Is surgery to remove cells in the hollow, air-filled spaces in the skull behind the ear within the mastoid bone
otalgia- JUN 2023 OM VERMA.pdf