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Uploaded byDrSaeedaMakandar
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Primary skin lesions

This document summarizes the anatomy and functions of the skin and describes various primary and secondary skin lesions. It discusses the layers of the skin - epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - and their components. It then defines and provides examples of different types of primary skin lesions including macules, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, and wheals. Secondary skin lesions like scales, crusts, and ulcers are also outlined. The functions of the skin in protection, sensation, temperature regulation, and vitamin D production are highlighted.

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DEPARTMENTAL SAMINAR ON PRIMARY SKIN LESIONS BY DR SAEEDA M MAKANDAR 1ST YEAR PG SCHOLAR DEPT OF PANCHAKARMA GUIDED BY DEPT OF PG STUDIES IN PANCHAKARMA S V M AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTER, ILKAL
SKIN AND PRIMARY SKIN LESIONS
SKIN ANATOMY • Largest organ ( Covers approx area of 2m, wt 4 kg) • Layers of the skin- 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous tissue)
EPIDERMIS Epidermis has 2 types of cells Keratinocytes Dendritic cells Layers of epidermis 1. Stratum Basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Lucidum 5. Stratum Corneum
DERMIS • Made up of fibrillar structural protein known as collagen. • It has connective tissue, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands, nerves, hair follicles and other structures. • Dermis layers- 1. Papillary dermis 2. Reticular dermis SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN • PROVIDES A PROTECTIVE BARRIER AGAINST MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND PHYSICAL INJURY AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES. • PREVENTS LOSS OF MOISTURE.. • REDUCES HARMFUL EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION. • ACTS AS A SENSORY ORGAN (TOUCH, DETECTS TEMPERATURE). • HELPS REGULATE TEMPERATURE. • AN IMMUNE ORGAN TO DETECT INFECTIONS ETC. • PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN D. • ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS THROUGH THE PERSPIRATION.
EXAMINATION OF SKIN LESIONS • History taking asking symptoms of which patient complains. • Distribution of rashes. • Site of the rashes. • Pattern of the lesions like, 1. Diffused 2. Linear 3. Scattered 4. Groups • Related scars of previously dameged skin. • Colour of the skin. • Shape and size of the lesions. • Border.
Types of skin lesions, are 1. Primary skin lesions 2. Secondary skin lesions
PRIMARY SKIN LESIONS 1. Macule 2. Papule 3. Plaque 4. Nodule 5. Papilloma 6. Vesicle 7. Bulla 8. Pustule 9. Wheal 10. Talengiectasia 11. Patechia 12. Purpura 13. Ecchymosis 14. Haematoma 15. Paikiloderma 16. Erythema 17. Burrow 18. Comedo
1. Scale 2. Crust 3. Excoriation 4. Lichenification 5. Fissure 6. Errosion 7. Ulcer 8. Sinus 9. Scar 10. Keloid scar 11. Atrophy 12. Stria SECONDARY SKIN LESIONS
MACULE • It is Non palpable area of altered colour. • It doesn’t involve any change in thickness or texture of the skin. • Ex- vitilogo, freckle, tinea versicolor.
PAPULE LICHEN PLANUS Secondary syphilis • It is an elevated Palpable lesion, arbitrarily <0.5cm in diameter. • Can have distinct/indistinct borders. • Ex: papular eczema, syphilis, lichen planus.
PLAQUE PLAQUE PSORIASIS • It is palpable flat topped discoid lesion and is >2cm. • Ex : Plaque psoriasis.
NODULE • It is a solid palpable lesion within the skin i.e > 0.5cm. • They project more deeply into the corium and hypoderm than Papules. • Ex: Nodular syphilide, nodular leprosy Nodular scabies NODULAR HISTOID LEPROSY
PAPILLOMA • Pedunculated lesion projecting from the skin. • Caused by Human papilloma virus ( HPV)
VESICLE • It is a small fluid filled blister. • < 0.5 cm In diameter. • Here fluid becomes trapped under the epidermis • Ex: In Allergic reactions, Dermatitis, poison ivy, cold sore ( herpis simplex) DERMATITIS HERPIS SIMPLEX
BULLA • A large fluid filled blister. • Diameter is > 0.5 cm. • Contents usually serous may be hemorrhagic. • Ex: Pemphigus, dermatitis Herpetiformis. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
PUSTULE • It is a papular lesion containing turbid purulent material ( pus). • They usually apear white bumps surrounded by red skin. • Ex : Impetigo contagiosa, sycosis vulgaris, pustular eczema, Furunculosis etc PUSTULES IN ACNE VULGARIS FURUNCULOSIS
WHEAL • Also called as pomphi. • These are irregular, variously sized,itchy, transient (<24hrs). • Elevated lesions are white in center and have red margin. • Caused by Circumscribed oedema of the corium. • Ex : Urticaria URTICARIA WHEAL
TELANGIECTASIA • Dialation of superficial blood vessels on skin or mucous membrane. • Ex : Habitual corticosteroid use, Scleroderma, SLE In SCLERODERMA TELANGIECTASIA
PETECHIAE PETECHIAE • Pin head sized macules of blood. • May be small area due to trauma. • Ex: In drug reactions, Endocarditis.
PURPURA • Larger petechiae which do not blanch on pressure. • Reddish or purplish spots of various sizes and shapes. • Ex : Vasciculitis, in clotting defects. VASCICULITIS
ECCHYMOSIS TRAUMA • These are larger petechiae which do not blanch on pressure. • Reddish or purplish spots of various size and shape. • Ex : Trauma, Thrombocytopnia.
HAEMATOMA • Swelling due to gross bleeding out side the blood vessels. • In case of injury.
POIKILODERMA • It is the combination of atrophy, Hyperpigmentation and telangiectasia. • Has cappilary haemorhages accompanied by general pruritus. • Site- All over body Including scalp. • Ex: Mycosis fungoides, Epitheliomatosis MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
ERYTHEMA • Redness of skin that blanches on pressure. • It may localized or widespread.
BURROW • Linear or carved track left by the burrowing scabies mite. • Intense itching. • Ex: Scabies
COMEDO • Commonly known as blackheads. • Dark horny keratin and sebaceous plugs within Pilosebaceous opening. • Ex : Acne vulgaris
Primary skin lesions