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Omentum.pptx

This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation (ppt) on omentum anatomy and surgical disorders. It recommends: 1. Freely downloading, editing, and modifying the ppt and adding your name. 2. Not worrying about the number of slides, as half are blank except for titles to facilitate active learning sessions. 3. Showing blank slides first to elicit what students know, then showing slides with content. 4. Rerunning the presentation to reinforce learning. 5. Citing sources in the notes for bibliography. The ppt then covers anatomy of the lesser and greater omentum, contents of each, functions of the greater omentum

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Tips on using my ppt. 1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your name etc. 2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the slides are blanks except for the title. 3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask students what they already know about ethology of today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates aetiologies. 4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions > show next slide. 5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x three revisions. 6. Good for self study also. 7. See notes for bibliography.
Omentum
Omentum Anatomy and Surgical Disorders
- -
Anatomy of Omentum
Anatomy of Omentum Broad peritoneal sheet associated with stomach are termed Omentum Two omenta Lesser omentum Greater omentum
-  Lesser omentum  Two-layered fold of peritoneum  Extends from porta hepatis,  fissure of ligamentum venosum and the diaphragm to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum
Lesser omentum • Hepatogastric ligament from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach • Hepatoduodenal ligament - Extends from porta hepatis to superior part of duodenum, - at its free margine enclose 3 structures(3 key structures) common bile duct Ant. proper hepatic a At the Lt. of the common bile duct portal v post.
- Contents of lesser omentum
- • Blood vessels Rt. & Lt. gastric vessels • Lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels • Fat • Autonomic N.S sympathetic + parasympathetic (vagus nerve) Contents of lesser omentum
- Greater omentum - It is the largest peritoneal fold. - It consists of a double sheet, folded on itself so that it is made up of four layers. - The anterior two layers descend from the greater curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum and hangs down like an apron in front of coils of small intestine - then turn up on the back of itself, and ascend to the transverse colon . - the two layers are separated to cover the anterior and posterior surfaces of transverse colon. Then they form the transverse mesocolon
- • The upper part of the greater omentum which extends between the stomach and the transverse colon is termed the gastrocolic ligament. • In adult, the four layers of greater omentum are frequently adhered together, and are found wrapped about the organs in the upper part of the abdomen
- Contents of Greater omentum (between the descended layers)
- Contents of Greater omentum (between the descended layers) • Gastroepiploic vessels • Lymph nodes & lymphatic vessels • Fat • Autonomic N.S sympathetic + parasympathetic (vagus nerve)
- Functions of greater omentum
- • ① protective function: The greater omentum contains numerous fixed macrophages, which performs an important protective function. • ② storehouse for fat: The greater omentum is usually thin, and presents a cribriform apperarance, but always contains some adipose tissue, which in fatty people is present in considerable quantity. • ③ migration and limation: The greater omentum may limit spread of infection in the peritoneal cavity. Because it will migrate to the site of any inflammation in the peritoneal cavity and wrap itself around such a site, the greater omentum is commonly referred to as the “policeman” of the peritoneal cavity. Functions of greater omentum
Omental Cysts
Omental Cysts – Cysts of the omentum are rare. –True cysts: –These are caused by obstruction of lymphatic channels. – They may be unilocular or multilocular and contain serous fluid. –True cysts have an endothelial lining and may assume large sizes. –Dermoid cysts –are uncommon and are lined with squamous epithelium and may contain hair, teeth, and sebaceous material. – False cysts: – Pseudocyst of the omentum result from fat necrosis, trauma with hematoma, or foreign-body reaction. These have a fibrous and inflammatory lining and usually contain cloudy or blood-tinged fluid.
Presentation
Presentation • Abdominal mass: Large cysts present as a palpable abdominal mass or produce diffuse abdominal swelling. The uncomplicated omental cyst usually lies in the lower midabdomen and is freely movable, smooth, and nontender. These may cause symptoms of heaviness or pain or manifestations of possible complications of omental cysts such as torsion, infection, rupture, or intestinal obstruction.
Investigations
Investigations • Plain X-ray of the abdomen: It may show a soft tissue haziness. The presence of bone or teeth is diagnostic of dermoid cyst. • Barium meal follow-through: It will demonstrate a displacement of bowel loops. • Ultrasound or CT scan: It shows a fluid-filled mass that often contains internal
Treatment
Treatment • laparotomy and excision of the cyst
Torsion of Omentum
Torsion of Omentum •uncommon condition-Omentumtwists on its long axis, causing vascular compromise. • This may vary from mild vascular constriction to complete strangulation leading to frank gangrene.
ETIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY • The omentum twists around a fixed point commonly due to adhesions of the free end of the omentum due to –postoperative wounds, –scarring – internal or external hernias.
Clinical features
Clinical features Pain is the initial and predominant symptom. The onset of pain is sudden and constant and increases in severity.
Investigations
Investigations • CT scan may be of some use in diagnosing omental pathology.
Treatment
Treatment • It consists of resection of the involved omentum. • In patients with torsion, the underlying condition (hernia, cysts, adhesions,) should be corrected.
Get this ppt in mobile 1. Download Microsoft PowerPoint from play store. 2. Open Google assistant 3. Open Google lens. 4. Scan qr code from next slide.
Get this ppt in mobile
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