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MJ
Uploaded byManahil Jamil
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Anatomy of esophagus

The esophagus is a 25 cm long, muscular tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach, featuring anatomical curvatures and four main constrictions. It has both an upper and lower esophageal sphincter, which function to regulate airflow and prevent reflux, respectively. The document also covers the esophagus's arterial supply, venous drainage, and histology.

Health & Medicine◦
ANATOMY OF ESOPHAGUS Dr. Manahil Jamil
 Esophagus is a soft muscular tube that allows food to pass from pharynx to the stomach  It is Collapsed at rest  begins at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6), extending to the cardiac orifice of the stomach (T11)  DIMENSIONS  Length : 25 cm  Width : 2 cm  Lumen : It’s flattened anteroposteriorly. • Normally it’s closed (collapsed) and opens (dilates) only during the passage of the food.
PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS
CURVATURES  Two anteroposterior curvature 1. First corresponding to the curvature of cervical spine. 2. Second corresponding to the curvature of thoracic spine.  Two side-to-side curvatures – both in the direction of the left 1. First at the root of the neck, before entering the thoracic inlet. 2. Second at the level of T7 vertebra, before passing in front of the descending thoracic aorta.
CONSTRICTIONS The distance of each constriction is measured from the upper incisor teeth First constriction (cervical) at the pharyngo- esophageal junction (at C6) 9 cm (6 inches) from the incisor teeth Second constriction (thoracic) crossed by the arch of aorta (at T4) 22.5 cm (9 inches) from the incisor teeth Third constriction (thoracic) crossed by the left principal bronchus (at T5-T6) 27.5 cm (11 inches) from the incisor teeth Fourth constriction (diaphragmatic) pierces the diaphragm (at T10) 40 cm (15 inches) from the incisor teeth
ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTERS  UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER • An anatomical, striated muscle sphincter at the junction between the pharynx and esophagus • It is made by the cricopharyngeal muscle. • Normally, it is constricted to prevent the entrance of air into the esophagus.  LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER • Physiological sphincter located in the gastro-esophageal junction (junction between the stomach and esophagus). • The sphincter is classified as a physiological (or functional) sphincter, as it does not have any specific sphincteric muscle. • Instead, the sphincter is formed from four phenomena: 1. The esophagus enters the stomach at an acute angle. 2. The walls of the intra-abdominal section of the esophagus are compressed when there is a positive intra-abdominal pressure. 3. The folds of mucosa present aid in occluding the lumen at the gastro- esophageal junction. 4. The right crus of the diaphragm has a “pinch-cock” effect.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE
HISTOLOGY
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