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Matagonimus1

Metagonimus is a genus of intestinal flukes that can cause metagonimiasis in humans. There are three main species: M. yokagawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai. They have a two-host life cycle involving freshwater snails and fish, and humans can be infected by eating raw or undercooked fish containing the metacercariae larvae. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Diagnosis is made by detecting eggs in stool samples or through serological tests. Treatment involves praziquantel or other antihelminthic drugs.

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Presented by ABID HUSSAIN Abdul Wasey
 Metagonimus is a genus of family Heterophyidae.  Cause disease Metagonimiasis.  Metagonimiasis was discovered by Katsurasa in 1911-1913 when he first observed eggs of M. yokagawai in feces .  M. takahashii was described later first by Suzuki in 1930  M. Miyatai was describe in 1984 by Saito  All three species are hermaphrodite.  Smallest intestinal fluke
Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda Order Opisthorchiida Family Heterophyidae Genus Metagonimus species Metagonimus yokogawai
 Metagonimiasis infections are endemic or potentially endemic in following countries including  Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, the Balkans, Spain, Indonesia, the Philippines , Russia, India and Pakistan
 Metagonimus yokagawai also called the Japanese fluke  Metagonimus Takahashii  Metagonimus miyatai
Transmission requires two intermediate hosts,  The first of which is snails, most commonly of species Thiara granifera.  Infection is acquired through the secondary intermediate host, fish, that haven’t been thoroughly cooked. Metacercariae encyst under the scales or in the flesh of fish Definitive hosts include humans and various fish- eating mammals, primarily dogs, cats, and pigs. Fish-eating birds may also be infected with metagonimiasis
 Eggs are very small. Eggs have a smooth, hard shell that is transparent and yellow-brown in color, ovoid egg shape.  They are about 26-28 μm length and 15- 17μm width.  The egg also has a very slight opercular shoulder
 leaf-shaped.  It is one of the smallest intestinal flukes, its ventral sucker is deflected to the right of its midline and is closely associated with the opening of the genital pore.  The testes are large and diagonal to each other  Ovary is anterior to the testes and the uterus is filled with eggs. The uterus is the largest organ in the body.  The size of the adult fluke is 2.5 mm length by .75 mm width.
oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH), intestine (IN), genitoacetabulum (GA), ovary (OV), the large, paired testes (TE), and eggs within the uterus (EG).
Life cycle Adults release fully embryonated eggs each with a fully- developed miracidium, and eggs are passed in the host’s feces  After ingestion by a suitable snail (first intermediate host), the eggs hatch and release miracidia which penetrate the snail’s intestine  The miracidia undergo several developmental stages in the snail, i.e. sporocysts , rediae , and cercariae. Many cercariae are produced from each rediae. The cercariae are released from the snail  It is encyst as Metacercariae in the tissues of fish (second intermediate host)  The definitive host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked or salted fish containing Metacercariae  After ingestion, the Metacercariae excyst, attach to the mucosa of the small intestine and mature into adults
Pathogenesis  It cause Metagonimiasis  Site of infection is small intestine  The incubation period is around 14 days  Infestation may persist for more than one year
Sign and Symptoms  Diarrhea  Abdominal pain  Nausea  lethargy  anorexia  Fatigue  malaise  seizures, neurologic deficits
Diagnosis  Fecal test  Serological test(Elisa)
 Avoid eating uncooked food in endemic area  Prevent fecal contamination of fish ponds.  Education regarding method of transmission  Snail control  Avoid feeding raw fish to cats and dogs in endemic area.
 Praziquantel(drug of choice)  Tetrachloroethylene  bithionol  Niclosamide  Nicoflan
Matagonimus1