Skip to main content
The Power of an Agile
      Mindset

      Linda Rising
    linda@lindarising.org
     www.lindarising.org
Disclaimer: This provocative presentation is ideally the
beginning of a conversation. It won't take long for me
to tell you everything I know about cognitive
psychology, although I have been reading in the area
for several years now. I'm an amateur who has
sufficient interest in weird topics and a strange way of
connecting ideas that might or might not be of interest
to you. Thank you for your tolerance and understanding
of my meanderings and I hope you learn a little that
might help you in your life.

This is not an “academic” presentation, but those
interested in more information are invited to ask me for
references for any part of this talk and I will be happy
to make them available.
Do you mostly agree or mostly
 disagree with the following
Intelligence is something very basic that you really
   can't change much. You’re born with it or not.
   Yes, you can learn new things, but you can't
   really change how intelligent you are.
No matter how intelligent you are, you can always
   get better, sometimes you can improve a lot.

Substitute any ability or talent for “intelligence.”
Interesting experiments
Phase I:
Students were given a very easy set of
  questions

Then they were categorized into “effort” or
  “fixed” groups (about 50-50)
Phase II
All students allowed to choose between:
  (1) a more difficult test (where they
  would learn a lot) or
   (2) another easy test (similar to Phase I)

Most (~90%) “effort” kids chose (1)
Most (~80%) “fixed” kids chose (2)
Phase III
Very difficult exam given to both groups
“Effort” kids worked hard, enjoyed the
  challenge
“Fixed” kids easily discouraged
Phase IV
All students allowed to choose between:
  (1) seeing exams of those who did better
  or
   (2) exams of those who did worse

“Effort” kids chose (1)
“Fixed” kids chose (2)
Phase V
All students given easy test (similar to
  Phase I)
“Effort” kids improved (by ~30%)
“Fixed” kids’ were worse (by ~20%)
Phase VI
All students asked to give advice to other
  students and include their scores
“Effort” kids: Lots of advice and
  encouragement.
“Fixed” kids: Very little or no advice and
  ~40% lied about their scores
Mindset – Carol Dweck
Self-Theories – Carol Dweck
PR on the web
New Yorker – “The Talent Myth,”
  gladwell.com
New York Magazine – “How not to talk to
  your kids,” Po Bronson
TIME magazine – “How to help them
  succeed”
Two mindsets: Fixed & Agile
Research shows that mindset:
Determines goals
Reactions to failure
Belief about effort and strategies
Attitudes toward others’ successes
Two mindsets
                Fixed vs. Agile
Ability – static, like height     Ability – can grow, like muscle
Goal - look good                  Goal - to learn
Challenge - avoid                 Challenge - embrace
Failure - defines your identity   Failure – provides information
Effort - for those with no        Effort - path to mastery
   talent
Reaction to challenge -           Reaction to challenge –
   helplessness                      resilience
Mindsets in an MRI
Belief about yourself affects
     belief about others
Those with a fixed mindset are quick to
  judge others based on little information
  and quick to stereotype
Those with an agile mindset don’t ignore
  information about others but are less
  negative/positive
Bright little girls
Bright little boys
Organizations have a mindset
Amy Edmondson, Harvard Business School, studied how
   hospitals implemented a new technique for open-heart
   surgery.
Those who were successful saw a steep learning curve and
   realized it would be challenging, but worth it for
   quicker, easier patient.
Those who were not successful saw the change as “cool”
   new technology, a marketing opportunity, a way to
   show other hospitals that they “had it.”
Smartest guys in the room
Enron’s fixed mindset
Identify and hire “the best talent”
Then continuously and ruthlessly grade,
  sort, fire, and promote – a process called
  “rank and yank”
We are a company of people, not
planes. That is what distinguishes us
         from other airlines.
The Southwest Culture
Hire for attitude
Establish a culture of community, trust, and
  the “Southwest spirit”
Then provide learning opportunities and
  continually grow people
Southwest seems to have an “agile” mindset
Managers have a mindset
“Keen to Help? Managers’ implicit person
  theories and their subsequent employee
  coaching,” Peter Heslin, Don Vandewalle,
  Gary Latham, Personnel Psych., 2006.
“Pygmalion in Management,” J. Sterling
  Livingston, Sept/Oct 1988 Harvard
  Business Review.
The good news is…
Mindset is not “fixed”
We encourage one or the other in each
  other
We develop one or the other in our children
Research has shown that small
  experimental manipulations, e.g.
  feedback or reading an article can
  produce one or the other
You mean I don’t have to
      be stupid?
Effort is good!
Praise effort, strategies, process
Ask about the work
Instead of ignoring failure, teach others
  that it’s a way to learn and improve
Agile software development
Fail early, fail often.
Fail fast, learn constantly.
Failure *IS* an option.
Without failure how can learning happen?
“Make mistakes faster.”
   Rich Sheridan, CEO, Menlo Innovations
“Perfect is a verb.” Kent Beck
“Those that fail fastest grow strongest.”
   Roy Singham, Founder and Chair, Thoughtworks
Better estimations!
Typically we tend to overestimate our
  performance, even in the face of data
  from previous deliveries. Research
  shows that those with a fixed mindset
  are more prone to this tendency than
  agile thinkers.
Agile is agile
The agile mindset believes that we are *ALL* a work in
   progress.
The agile software development process isn’t fixed. It
   continues to change and grow as we learn more about
   it. If we are lucky, this will never end because it will
   never be perfect.
We will continue to improve as we age—just like me !
Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again.
   Fail better. Samuel Beckett, Irish poet (1906-1989)

                  Thanks for listening!