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Haussmannization

Haussmannization was the massive public works program commissioned between 1853 and 1870 by Emperor Napoleon III and directed by his prefect of Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, to help modernize the city of Paris by clearing slums, widening streets, and establishing monumental boulevards and parks. The program aimed to improve traffic circulation, upgrade sewage and water systems, and make the city more aesthetically pleasing. It resulted in the demolition of narrow medieval streets and the creation of wide avenues such as Rue de Rivoli and Boulevard Saint-Michel that remain part of Paris today.

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HAUSSMANNIZATION TIME PERIOD : 1853-1870 (HAUSSMANN PERIOD) 1870-1927(POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD)
RESAONS OF HAUSSMANNIZATION: • In the middle of the 19th century, the center of PARIS was OVERCROWDED, DARK, DANGEROUS, and UNHEALTHY. In word of Victor Considerant wrote: "Paris is an immense workshop putrefaction, where misery, pestilence and sickness work in concert, where sunlight and air rarely penetrate. Paris is a terrible place where plants shrivel and perish, and where, of seven small infants, four die during the course of the year.“ • Densely populated that was 3m2 per pupil. Major reason for choleara epidemic in year of 1832-1848. this took life of about 5% population of just 3rd Arrondissement.
• Traffic circulation was another major problem. • Incapability of streets to cater to military expeditions, i.e. to crush the revolts. • Failing of proposal’s by Quatremere de Quincy in 18th century after French revolution. • Downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte. • Rise of Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III). • Failure of Berger la prefect de Seine. • New policies for expropriating the land.
PHASES IN HAUSSMANNIZATION HAUSSMANN PERIOD: 1. Phase I (1853-1859): George Eugene Haussmann appointed as Prefect of Seine. Working on principle of “aérer, unifier, et embellir”. 2. Phase II (1859-1867): Haussmann planned to connect interiors of Paris with wider boulevards. 3. Phase III (1860-1870): Haussmann planning new annexed land. POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD: • In year of (1870-1927): His works were completed with his principles
Pre-Haussmannization 1.Narrow streets : Crowded with low ventilation and epidemic prone area. 2.River Bievre: used as sewer disposal which was connected to Siene river.
HAUSSMANNIZATION STARTS
DEVELOPMENT IN HAUSSMANN PERIOD
PHASE I : 1853-1859 REMARKABLE FEATURES • The Grand Cross Roads: Connecting east-west & north-south. Major street developed were : 1. Rue de Rivoli. 2. Rue Saint-Antoine. 3. Boulevard Strasbourg. 4. Boulevard Sebastopol. 5. Boulevard Michel. • Built Hotels: Grand Hotel du Louvre. • Built New Squares with theatre: Fontaine du Palmier. • Built Gardens: Bois de Boulogne. East -West North- South
FOUNTAIN WITH FRESH WATER
CROSS ROADS
PHASE II : 1859- 1867 • The construction of a large new square, place du Chateau-d'Eau. • The new railroad stations. • Huge new Parks being constructed on the edge of the city. • Two new government buildings, the Tribunal de Commerce and the Prefecture de Police, were built. • Planned to construct 26.294 km of new avenues and streets
ARRONDISSEMENTS
PHASE III : 1869 - 1870 • The renovation of the gardens. • Building a new rue de Châteaudon and clearing the space around the church of Notre-Dame de Lorette. • The construction of twenty eight kilometers of new boulevards. • Constructing new avenues and streets on annexed land. • Downfall due to extensive works.
POST HAUSSMAN PERIOD : 1870-1927 • Completion of the Paris Opera. • Completion of boulevard Saint-Germain. • Completion of avenue de l'Opera. • Completion of boulevard Henri IV. • Completion of avenue de la Republique.