Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Aqib Syed, profile picture
Uploaded byAqib Syed
PPTX, PDF10,863 views

Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent

The document discusses the decline of the Mughal Empire between 1707 and 1857, highlighting key factors such as invasions, internal decay, and ineffective leadership following Aurangzeb's death. It outlines the rise of regional powers like the Marathas and Sikhs, the moral decline within the ruling class, and the emergence of the British as a dominant force in India. Ultimately, the document chronicles how these elements contributed to the fragmentation and eventual fall of Mughal power.

News & Politics◦
Downloaded 175 times
Decline of Mughal Empire1707-1857
BBA (Hons) Evening 7th Semester Presented by Syed Aqib ali 1105 M.Mudassar Ahmad 1087 M.Huzaifa 1084 M.Rizwan Naseer 1089 Nimra Shafiq 1026 Presented to Prof Dr. Zabir Saeed Badar
Content  Background  Invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali  Rule of Syed Brothers  Degenarated characters of rulers  Aurangzeb’s Policies  Size of the Empire  Wars of succession  The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb  Internal intrigues  Moral decadence of Muslim society  Demoralized and in efficient army  Absence of Navel power  Rise of Marathas and Sikhs  Modern views on the decline
Background  Aurangzeb's death the empire rapidly disintegrated; various provincial governors became virtually independent .  As these regional rulers competed for control over territory, they sought alliances with Europeans to gain additional armies and military prowess.   In the cities, rule devolved to various self-regulating communities of merchants and to displaced Mughal courtiers, who took up cultural patronage and began to remake cultural systems in the interests of localities.
Con’t  This creative ferment was viewed as anarchy and decline by European observers.  In the cities, rule devolved to various self-regulating communities of merchants and to displaced Mughal courtiers, who took up cultural patronage and began to remake cultural systems in the interests of localities.  This creative ferment was viewed as anarchy and decline by European observers.  Political control devolved to the regional courts of successor states.
Invasions of Nadir Shah  In 1738 the Persian king nadir shah attacked on Delhi and defeated Mughal king Muhammad shah.  He sacked Delhi slaughtering thousands of people and looting all the wealth of Mughals  In which the famous peacock, throne and the Kohinoor diamond included.
Invasions of Ahmad Shah Abdali  Between 1748 and 1761 he launched five attacks into subcontinent in the final attack, he defeated the Marathas at the third battle of Panipat but it again brought to light the weakness of Mughals.  Consequently the British felt emboldened and kick started their own campaigns to capture territory the sub-continent.
Rule of Syed Brothers  The main reason of Mughal decline was the rule of Sayyid brothers.  They used the emperor for their personal achievements  Both controlled the Mughal empire at the back foot after 1707.  Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in 1720  Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was fatally poisoned in 1722.
Aurangzeb’s Policies  Aurangzeb failed to realize that the vast Mughal Empire depended on the willing support of the people. He lost the support of the Rajputs who had contributed greatly to the strength of the Empire.  They had acted as pillars of support, but Aurangzeb’s policy turned them to bitter foes. The wars with the Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the Rajputs had drained the resources of the Mughal Empire.
Size of the Empire  The Mughal Empire had become too large to be controlled by any ruler from one centre i.e. Delhi.  The Great Mughals were efficient and exercised control over ministers and army, but the later Mughals were poor administrators.  As a result, the distant provinces became independent. The rise of independent states led to the disintegration of the Mughal Empire.
War of succession  The successors of Aurangzeb were weak and became victims of the intrigues and conspiracies of the faction-ridden nobles.  They were inefficient generals and incapable of suppressing revolts.  The absence of a strong ruler, an efficient bureaucracy and a capable army had made the Mughal Empire weak.
The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb  The successors of Aurangzeb were not competent enough to administrate the vast Mughal Empire. After the Aurangzeb’s death, laxity had set in and the end of Mughal Empire.  The succesors of Humayun, Babar and Akbar were to some extent competent but the Jehangir successors were busy in life this leads to morale disintegration due to their interest in spending luxurious life the Mughal emperors lacked the interest in the administration.
Independent areas  The reorganized Maratha government gradually became preeminent in India, exacting taxes from the whole Deccan except Hyderabad, which became essentially independent of Delhi (1724) under its governor, the Nizam-ul-Mulk (d. 1748).  The governors of Avadh (Oudh) (1724) and Bengal (1740) also became independent but maintained the fiction of allegiance to the Mughal emperor.
Internal intrigues  The internal intrigues had become a routine affair during the waning days of Mughal Empire.  The court was divided along sectarian and ethnic lines.  The Mughal were engage, in fighting against the nobles accelerated the demise the once mighty Mughal Empire
Moral decadence of Muslim society  I H Qureshi say’s that, the foremost cause of the loss of political power was a crisis in the Mughal character itself
Demoralized and in efficient army  In the Mughals army there was some ethnic groups which leads it to demoralized like afghan, Persian, and central Asian.  Muslims were lacked the organized Army after death of Jahangir the commanders of the Army were involved in conspiracies in order to get to the throne where as their main focus was the power then to concentrate on Preparation to face aggression from out side.  Portougees, French and English entered through sea route for commercial purposes where they captured coastal areas and built their Garrisons and formed strong organized force consist of locals as well their own manpower.
Advent of East India Company:-  Advent of east India company into Indian soil become the last straw in to rule of Muslims they came to India as the traders where they started their disruptive activities and finally became the rulers of subcontinents
Rise of Marathas and Sikhs  During the days of Farukhsiar and Jahandar shah Banda Bahadar has killed the governor of Sirhandi wazir khan and captured the area where as nationalism of Marahtas also rose to the extent that their influence was to the Dehli.
Modern views on the decline  Since the 1970s historians have taken multiple approaches to the decline, with little consensus on which factor was dominant. The psychological interpretations emphasize depravity in high places, excessive luxury, and increasingly narrow views that left the rulers unprepared for an external challenge.  In a religious interpretation, some scholars argue that the Hindu powers revolted against the rule of a Muslim dynasty.  Finally, other scholars argue that the very prosperity of the Empire inspired the provinces to achieve a high degree of independence, thus weakening the imperial court.
Rise of British  British came into sub continent as traders. But soon their trade activities metamorphosed into political activities. Owing the decline of Mughals, they started to capture territories in the sub-continent. The foundation of the British rule the sub-continent was let after the defeat of Nawb Siraj ud Dula at the battle of Plassey in 1757. After the failed War of independence in 1857, the British became the rulers of the subcontinent.
List of Mughals Emperors 1707-1857  Qutb-ub-Din Muhammad MU’AZZAM Bahadur Shah 1:- Life (1643-1712) Reign(1707-1712)  Mirza MU’IZ-UD-Din Baig Muhamad Khan Jahandar Shah:- Life (1661-1713) Reign(1712-1713)  Jahandar Shah Farrukhsiyar:- Life (1685-1719) Reign(1713-1719)  Rafiud-Darajat :- Life (1699-1719) Reign(Feb 1719 – June 1719)  Rafi ud-Daulat (Shah Jhan 2):- Life (1698-1719) Reign( June 1719- Sep 1719)
 Neku Siyar :- Life (1679-1723) Reign( May 1719-Aug 1719)  Muhammad Ibraham Life (1703-1746) Reign(1719)  Nasir-ud-Din Roshin Akhtar Muhammad Shah: Life (1702-1748) Reign(1719-1748)  Ahmad Shah Bahadur :- Life (1725-1775) Reign(1748-1754)  Aziz-ud-Din Alamgir 2:- Life (1699-1759) Reign(1754-1759)
 Muhi-ul- millat (Shah Jahan 3):- Life ( 1711-1772) Reign (1759-1760)  Shah Alam Ali Gauhar (Shah Alam 2):- Life (1728-1806) Reign(1759-1806)  Abu Nasir Mu’in ud-din Mirza Muhammad Akbar Shah (Akbar2):- Life (1760-1837) Reign(1806-1837)  Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajudin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar :- Life (1775-1862) Reign(1837-1857)
REFRENCES:-  https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/ mughal-empire.htm  http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of- india/decline-of-the-mughal-empire-in-india/1529  https://www.wonders-of-the-world.net/Taj- Mahal/The-Mughals.php  https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/tipu-sultan.46096  http://storyofpakistan.com/tipu-sultan  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire
Decline of Mughals (1707-1857) -History of SubContinent