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Concerntatini solar plant ppt

This document provides an overview of concentrating solar power technologies. It discusses the principles of concentrating sunlight to generate heat and electricity. It compares existing CSP technologies like parabolic troughs, central receivers, and dish Stirling systems. It also outlines the solar power potential in India and commercially deployed CSP projects like the Andasol plant in Spain. Key challenges and development measures to advance CSP are summarized.

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1 Concentrating Power Technologies Solar
Overview  Principle: Sunlight – Heat – Electricity Sunlight is concentrated, using mirrors or directly, on to receivers heating the circulating fluid which further generates steam &/or electricity.  Solar Radiation Components: Direct, Diffuse & Global  CSP uses- Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)  Measuring Instrument: Pyrheliometer 2
Comparison present Future 3
Solar Power Potential  Globally: 4
India Solar Power Potential LEH and Ladak Region receives higest amount of solar radiation. Gujarat and Rajasthan receives most of the solar energy. Northern Pleateu also receives a large amount of heat on wide area. 5
Concentrating Solar Technologies Low Temperature (<100°C) Flat Plate Collectors Solar Chimney Solar Pond High Temperature- Point Focusing (>400°C) Central Tower Parabolic Dish Medium Temperature – Line Focusing (≈ 400°C) Parabolic Trough Fresnel Collectors 6
Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector 7 • Temp~400°C • Line Focusing • Linear Receiver tube • Water consuming • Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors • Heat Storage feasible • Most Commercialized • Good for Hybrid option • Requires flat land • Good receiver η but low turbine η
Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector 8 • Temp~600-800°C • Point Focusing • Flat Conc. Mirrors • Commercially proven • Central Receiver • Water consuming • Heat Storage capability • Feasible on Non Flat sites • Good performance for large capacity & temperatures • Low receiver η but good turbine η
Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector 9 • Temp~700-800°C • Point Focusing • Uses Dish concentrator • Stirling Engine • Generally 25 kW units • High Efficiency ~ 30% • Dry cooling • No water requirement • Heat storage difficult • Commercially under development • Dual Axis Tracking
Commercial CSP Parabolic Trough Central Tower Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector 10 • Temp~400°C • Line Focusing type • Linear receiver • Fixed absorber row shared among mirrors • Flat or curved conc. mirrors • Commercially under development • Less Structures • 5 MW operational in CA
CSP Power - Brief  Good DNI range ≥ 5-6 kWh/sq.m/day  Capital Cost: $ 4-8 Million / MW (Increases with Heat Storage)  Land Required: ~ 6-10 acres / MW  Generation Potential: 25-35 MW / sq.km  Units Generated: 1.81 Million Units / year (Increases with Heat Storage)  Capacity Factor: 20 – 25% (Can be increased to 40% using Heat storage)  COGN: $ 0.10 - 0.20 / kWh  Lifespan: ~ 40 years, PPA’s are generally for 20-25 years  Pay back Period: 5-12 years (Depends on the Tariff, subsidies, incentives)  Installation Period: ~ 2-3 years (Capacity dependent) 11
Existing and In-pipeline capacity 12 Source: Estela 2010 (Figures subject to 2009-10 scenario) Current Status: • Operational- ~1.2 GW; Spain 732.4 MW, US 507.5 MW, Iran 17.3 MW, etc. • Under Construction- ~2.2 GW; Spain 1.4 GW, US 650 MW, India 28.5 MW, etc.
Commercialized Project Analysis Andasol 1, 2 & 3 Andasol 1- First Project in Europe Capacity: 50 MW Lat- 37°13’ N, Long.- 3°4’ W, 1100m above sea level Location: Granada Province, Southern Spain Andasol 3 Under Const. - Mid-2011 Andasol 1 Nov. 2008 Andasol 2 June 2009 13
Andasol 1- Specifications  Annual DNI: 2,136 kWh / sq.m. A  Technology Used: Parabolic Trough – Skal-ET 150  Land Utilization: ~ 195 Hectares (9.6 Acres/MW)  Construction Period: July 2006 – October 2008  Estimated Lifespan: 40 years  Entire Efficiency: ~28% peak, ~ 15% annual avg.  Capacity Factor: 20%  Units Generated: upto 180 GWh / Year  Uses Heat storage and Wet Cooling systems 14
Major Component- Specifications  Solar Field:  Area: 510,120 m2  209,664 mirrors – 580, 500 sq.m.  ~ 90 km receiver pipes (Schott Solar & Solel Solar)  Field η = ~ 70% peak, 50% annual avg.  Sustains wind speed of 13.6 m/s  Heat Storage: • Nitrate Molten Salt type (60% NaNO3 + 40% kNO3) • Two Tank Indirect: Cold- 292°C, Hot- 386°C • Storage: 28,000t • Back up: 7.5 Hours  Water Cooling Systems: • 870,000 cu.m./year • 1.2 gal/kWh 15
Working 16
Key Points  Capital Cost: $ 380 Million  Financing: Equity- 20%, Debt- 80%  Carbon Emission reduction: 150,000 tonnes/year  Electricity Supply Contract: Endesa  Feed In Tariff: EUR 0.27 / kWh ($ 0.38 /kWh)  PPA: Date- Sept. 15 / 2008, Tenure- 25 years  Electricity to 200,000 people  Annual O & M jobs: 40 17
Generalized Cost Breakup (Source: NREL Report)  Considerations: 103 MW Parabolic trough plant with 6.3 hrs. of thermal storage with wet cooling 18 Particular Total Cost (Including Material & labor cost) ~ Percent Site Improvements $ 32,171,000 3% Solar Field (Includes Mirrors, Support structures, etc.) $ 456,202,000 45% HTF system $ 103,454,000 10% Thermal Energy storage $ 197,236,000 20% Power Block (Turbine, alternator, etc.) $ 121,006,000 12% EPCM Costs (Includes professional services) $ 29,001,000 3% Contingency $ 74,591,000 7% Total Estimate $ 1,015,661,000 Cost per kW $ 9,861
Challenges & Alternatives  Heat Storage Options developed • Molten Salt- Most Accepted; research going for single tank storage with two sections • Phase Change Materials- Research stage • Steam Accumulator- Less Duration; large area • Concrete Materials- Research stage  Receiver Heat losses- • Linear Receivers- Developed with 90%+ η • Central Tower receivers- Currently used- Receivers with multiple metallic tubes, Metallic Wire Mesh type, with a coating technology (Pyromark High Temperature paint) which has a solar absorptance in excess of 0.95 but a thermal emittance greater than 0.8. Research going on in thermal spray & chemical vapor deposition  Working Fluids- For High Temperature circulation (Higher operating temperatures result in high turbine efficiency) • Synthetic aromatic fluid (SAF)- Currently used; Organic benzene based (400°C) • Molten Salt- Developing (550°C); Eliminates HE for storage; In use for solar tower 19
Challenges & Alternatives  Water Consumption- Cooling Towers, Steam cycle make-up & Mirror cleaning • Wet cooling: ~ 865gal/MWh; Currently used; Water consumption • Dry cooling: ~78gal/MWh; Developing stage, Costlier, low thermal η • Hybrid cooling: ~338gal/MWh; Developing stage NREL Findings for southwest US: Switching from 100% wet to 100% dry cooling will result in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) increase of approximately 3% to 8% for parabolic trough plants, but reduces water consumption by 90 %  Receiver Materials- For Sustaining High Temp and pressure; Research going on for developing high nickel alloy materials  High Capital Costs  Low Capacity Factors 20
 Heat Storage option – Electricity Supply after Sunset  Process Heat Generation  Hybrid Option  Good for High temperature regions  Predictable and reliable power (less variable)  Water desalination along with electricity generation (Adv. In Middle east & N. Africa) 21 Advantages over Competitive Technologies (Eg. PV & Wind) Other Benefits:  Carbon Emission Reduction- CDM benefits Each square meter of CSP can avoid annual emissions of 200 to 300 kilograms (kg) of carbon dioxide, depending on its configuration.  No Fuel or its transportation cost - Substitutes Fossil Fuel use  Energy Security High share of local contents  Employment Generation
Feasible Applications Utility / Commercial scale Domestic/small Scale 22  Electricity Generation • Stand alone • Grid projects • Hybrid projects  Industrial Process Heat • Boiling • Melting • Sterilizing  Cooling systems  Water Desalination  Hot Water collectors  Solar HVAC  Solar steam Cooking  Solar Ovens/cookers  Solar Food dryers SOPOGY Micro-CSP: SopoFlare
Development Measures  Attractive FiT, SREC and Policy Mechanisms; Eg: SREC Mechanism in NJ, CA  Tax credits /Rebates; Like: ITC of 30% in US  Grid Interconnection with HVDC; Eg: DESERTEC project  Low Interest Loans, RPS and long tenure PPA’s  On-site Resource Assessment Stations- Reliable resource Database  Setting up Demonstration Projects on Emerging Technologies  Combining CSP with existing conventional projects  R & D in major challenge areas  Promote Domestic manufacturing - Cheaper equipment costs for developers  Government Land allotments; Forming SEZ’s, Solar farms for large scale installations 23
Thank You Earth receives around 174 Petawatts of energy from sun and only a small part of it is sufficient to meet the annual world electricity consumption of 20 Trillion kWh Thank You