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Uploaded byMohan Ram Kuppusamy
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Anatomy of conjunctiva

The document provides an in-depth overview of the conjunctiva, including its anatomical features, types of cells, and associated glands. It describes the layers of conjunctival epithelium, mucin glands, and their functions in maintaining tear film stability and protecting the eye. Additionally, it touches on various conditions affecting the conjunctiva such as conjunctivitis and pinguecula.

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-K.MOHAN RAM
Conjunctiva Thin, transparent, mucous membrane lining the posterior aspect of eye lid & anterior aspect of eye ball Latin : conjoin – to join ( it joins the eye ball to the eye lid )
Conjunctiva Palpebral Conjunctiva Marginal Tarsal Orbital Bulbar Conjunctiva Scleral Limbal Conjunctival Fornix
Palpebral Conjunctiva Marginal Tarsal Orbital
Extends from the lid margin ( opening of tarsal gland ) to the sulcus subtarsalis Sulcus subtarsalis ◦ Marks the inferior edge of the tarsal plate ◦ Shallow groove situated 2mm from lid margin Lacrimal puncta open in the marginal zone
Firmly adherent to the tarsal plate Thin+transparent+highly vascular structure Meibomian glands appear as yellow streaks through the tarsal conjunctiva
Extends from the upper border of the tarsal plate to the fornix Loosely attached to the superior tarsal muscle [Müller’s muscle] and so folds readily Shallow grooves and elevations are called Stieda’s plateaux and grooves
Bulbar Conjunctiva Scleral Limbal
Thin, transparent & loosely attached to underlying sclera Permits the visualization of Conjunctival and episcleral vessels Separated from the sclera by episcleral vessels and Tenon’s capsule
3mm ridge around the cornea Conjunctiva, Tenon’s capsule and episcleral tissue are fused together Strongly adherent to sclero-corneal junction
Joins the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva Ducts of the lacrimal gland open into the lateral part of superior fornix
Epithelium Adenoid Layer Fibrous Layer Substantia Propria
Conjunctiva Number of layers Cells in the layers Marginal 5 layered non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium Superficial layer: Squamous cells Middle three layers: Polyhedral cells Deepest layer: Cylindrical cells Tarsal and Orbital 2 layers of Stratified cuboidal epithelium Superficial layer: Cylindrical cells Deepest layer: cuboidal cells Fornix and Scleral 3 layers of Stratified, squamous epithelium Superficial layer: Cylindrical cells Middle layer: polyhedral cells Deepest layer: Cuboidal cells Limbal 10 layers of stratified squamous epithelium Superficial layer: squamous cells Middle layer: polygonal cells Basal- cubical
Also called Lymphoid layer Consists of fine connective tissue reticulum in the meshwork of which lies the lymphocytes Not present at birth , develops after 2-3 months of life
Has Collagenous fibres + Elastic fibres Thicker than adenoid layer except in the Tarsal Conjunctiva Lodges the Conjunctival vessels and nerves
Mucin Glands Goblet Cells Henle’s Glands Glands of Manz Accessory Lacrimal Glands Glands of Krause Glands of Wolfring Rudimentary A.L.G.
Unicellular round or oval mucous glands Absent in the Marginal & Limbal conjunctiva These cells are destroyed after discharging the contents
Numerous on nasal side High in children and young adults
Not true glands Tubular structure which contains a few goblet cells Present in the folds of mucous membrane present in palpebral conjunctiva between tarsal plate & fornices Resembles the Crypts of Lieberkuhn in large intestine
Located in the scleral conjunctiva Arranged in a ring around the cornea, near the scleral junction
Mucin Glands
Provide a hydrophilic layer that allows for even distribution of the tear film Ensures tear film stability by reducing the surface tension Provides lubrication and protects the epithelial cells of cornea and conjunctiva
Lie in deep sub - conjunctival tissue of the upper and lower fornices 42 in number in upper fornix and 6 to 8 in lower fornix In upper fornix they lie between the palpebral part of the lacrimal gland and tarsal plate.
Also called Glands of Ciaccio, larger than Glands of Krause Situated in the upper border of the tarsus midway between the end of the tarsal glands 2 to 5 in the upper lid and 1-3 in the lower lid
Marginal Tarsal Arcade Peripheral Tarsal Arcade Anterior Ciliary Arteries
Conjunctivitis Conjunctivochalasis Pinguecula Pterygium Rougine Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Anatomy of conjunctiva