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Uploaded byDr. Prabin Kumar Bam
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Urinary bladder (Anatomy)

The urinary bladder is a muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity that stores urine, with its shape and size varying based on the urine volume. It has a tetrahedral shape when empty and presents features such as the apex, base, neck, and various surfaces and borders, with specific relations in males and females. The bladder's interior contains a smooth area called the trigone and is supported by true ligaments formed by pelvic fascia and false ligaments that are peritoneal folds.

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ANATOMY OF URINARY BLADDER Prabin Kumar Bam MBBS student, Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur, Nepal
Introduction • The urinary bladder is a muscular organ which lies in the anterior part of pelvic cavity and helps in the storage of urine. • Shape, size and position of bladder varies according to the amount of urine contained in it. • An empty bladder lies entirely within the pelvis but as it fills it extends into abdominal cavity.
GROSS FEATURES An empty bladder is tetrahedral in shape & has: 1. Apex 2. Base or fundus 3. Neck 4. 3 surfaces: superior, right & left inferolateral. 5. 4 borders: anterior, posterior & 2 lateral lateral borders.
Gross Features 2/1/2019 4
Relations Apex:  Directed forward.  Connected to the umblicus by the median umblical ligament. Base:  Directed backward. It is related to;  In male: Vas deferens, seminal vesicles, rectum, rectovesical pouch and peritoneum.
In female: Vagina and cervix of the uterus. Neck: Inferior and most fixed part. In male: Related to prostate. Surrounded by smooth muscle fibres which form preprostatic sphincter. In female: Related to pelvic fascia.
Superior surface:  In male: Peritoneum, coils of ileum & sigmoid colon.  In female: Peritoneum (covers the greater part) & Uterine cervix. Inferolateral surfaces:  Related to the pubis, the retropubic fat, levator ani & the obturator internus in both male and female.
Puboprostatic ligaments in male & pubovesical ligaments in female.
Bladder Relations
Interior of the bladder • Mucosa of the bladder shows irregular folds except in a small triangular area over the base. • This area is k/a trigone of the bladder. Here, the mucosa is smooth. • Internal urethral orifice opens in the apex of this trigone.
• The ureters open at the posterolateral angle of the trigone. • Uvula vesicae: It is a small elevation on the trigone posterior to the urethral orifice produced by median lobe of prostate.
Ligaments of the bladder True ligaments  They are the condensations of pelvic fascia.  They provide support to the bladder. 1. Lateral true ligament 2. Lateral puboprostatic ligament 3. Medial puboprostatic ligament 4. Medial umblical ligament 5. Posterior ligament 2/1/2019 13 False ligaments  They are the peritoneal folds.  They don’t provide support to the bladder. 1. Median umblical fold 2. Medial umblical fold 3. Lateral false ligament 4. Posterior false ligament
Ligaments
HISTOLOGY OF BLADDER  The wall of urinary bladder shows following features: i. Inner mucosa • Lined by transitional epithelium. i. Middle muscle layer • Consists of outer & inner longitudinal muscle layer and middle circular/ oblique fibres. • The smooth muscle is also called detrusor muscle whose contraction helps in voiding of urine. i. Outer serous layer: It is the peritoneum of bladder. 2/1/2019 15
Histology of bladder 2/1/2019 16
Urinary bladder (Anatomy)