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Types of Cladding

The document discusses different types of cladding used in construction. It begins by defining cladding as non-structural exterior surfaces attached to buildings. It then covers 6 main types of cladding - stone, timber, metal, brick, terracotta and modern trends. For each type, it describes materials, installation methods, advantages and disadvantages. Modern trends in cladding include dynamic systems, ventilated facades, rainscreen systems and use of high-pressure laminates and fiber cement. The document provides an overview of cladding materials and their properties for architectural design and construction.

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CLADDING PRESENTATION BY- ANUSHKA SHETE DIVISION -A
WHAT IS CLADDING ? 01 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 05 PURPOSE OF CLADDING 03 TYPES OF CLADDING 02 MODERN TRENDS 06 POINTS TO CONSIDER DURING ITS DESIGN 04 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
3 WHAT IS CLADDING ? ● THE TERM ‘CLADDING’ REFERS TO COMPONENTS THAT ARE ATTACHED TO THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF A BUILDING TO FORM A NON -STRUCTURAL , EXTERNAL SURFACES . ● WHILST CLADDING IS GENERALLY ATTACHED TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING , IT TYPICALLY DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO ITS STABILITY . ● CLADDING IS A DURABLE PRODUCT THAT CAN LAST UPTO MANY YEARS , DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF CLADDING THAT IS USED AND HOW IT IS LOOKED AFTER .
4 PURPOSE OF CLADDING ● IMPROVES AESTHETICS OF A BUILDING ● CREATES A CONTROLLED CENTRALISED ENVIRONMENT ● PROTECTS THE BUILDING FROM HEAT , SNOW , RAIN AND OTHER ELEMENTS ● PROVIDE THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION ● CREATES AN EXTERNAL FACADE ● PREVENTS SPREAD OF FIRE ● PROVIDES OPENINGS FOR ACCESS OF LIGHT AND VENTILATION ● SINCE IT PLAYS A STRUCTURAL ROLE , IT TRANSFERS THE WIND LOADS , LIVE LOADS , SEISMIC LOADS ,IMPACT LOADS AND ITS OWN WEIGHT BACK TO THE STRUCTURE
● EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONDITION OF THE BUILDING ● STRENGTH AND DURABILITY ● BUILDING REGULATIONS ● PLANNING AND REQUIREMENTS ● AESTHETICS ● STRUCTURAL AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 5 POINTS TO CONSIDER WHILE DESIGNING AND MATERIAL SELECTION
6 TYPES OF CLADDING INTERIOR EXTERIOR STONE TIMBER CONCRETE P.V.C STONE TIMBER METAL TERRACOTTA VINYL BRICK GLASS
7 ● Stone cladding is a layer of stone that is used for the interior or exterior of a building , generally on top of materials such as concrete . ● Stone cladding can be natural stone that have been quarried and cut into thin pieces to reduce weight . ● As natural stone is heavy , sometimes mechanical mean of fixing can be applied using shelf angles or stone clip . ● Stone veneer is a thin layer of any stone used as decorative facing material that is not meant to be load bearing. ● Stone veneers are preferred over natural stone as it is cheap , lightweight and available in many colors STONE CLADDING
TYPES OF STONES USED 8 LIMESTONE GRANITE ● IT IS AVAILABLE IN WHITE , BEIGE , BROWN , RED , YELLOW , BLUE , GREY ,ETC . ● IT CAN RANGE FROM CLEAR TO COARSE NATURE . ● IT IS VERY DURABLE AND STAIN RESISTANT. ● IT THE MOST COMMON CHOICE FOR OUTDOOR CLADDING . TRAVERTINE ● IT IS MOST COMMONLY USED MATERIAL FOR CLADDING. ● IT HAS VOIDS , SOME VEINING AND IS AVAILABLE IN VARIETY OF WARM COLORS . ● IT IS OPTIMAL FOR EXTERIOR CLADDING AS IT IS RESISTANT TO WATER . ● IT HAS VISIBLE FOSSILS EMBEDDED IN IT AND AVAILABLE IN SOME COLOR VARIETIES. ● IT IS NOT GENERALLY CHOSEN FOR OUTDOORS SINCE IT IS POROUS AND HAS A TENDENCY TO STAIN IF NOT PROPERLY SEALED .
9 SLATE MARBLE ● THIN SHEETS OF MARBLE ARE CUT AND POLISHED . ● IT CAN BE BRITTLE AND CRACK OR SPLIT IF NOT HANDLED PROPERLY . ● AVAILABLE IN GREEN , BLACK , WHITE , YELLOW COLOR . ONYX ● IT IS LIGHT WEIGHT AS COMPARED TO MARBLE AND GRANITE . ● EASY TO HANDLE AND FABRICATE . ● IT IS BEST FOR INTERIOR CLADDING . ● IT CAN BE GOLD , GREEN OR RED . ● IT IS UNFADING . NON- ABSORPTIVE , STAIN- RESISTANT . ● IT IS VERY AESTHETICALLY PLEASING . ● GREAT FOR USING OUTDOORS . ● AVAILABLE IN GREY , BROWN , GREEN COLORS .
10 NATURAL CLEFT STONE FINISHES SPLIT FACED SANDBLASTED HONED POLISHED
Direct Adhered – This is one of the most common methods because it is thinner, less expensive and doesn't require any onsite drilling (which lessens the chances of cracks in the stone occurring). Combination of a liquid latex with a cement-based filler powder is made ; this results in a thin bed mortar that is applied to the wall surface. 11 INSTALLATION METHODS Spot Bonding – This method is quite similar to the direct adhered one; it uses an epoxy adhesive to adhere the stone cladding to the surface. The distinction here lies in the fact that the epoxy is only applied to about 10% of the area, resulting in gaps or pockets of air between the stone and the wall; this reduces the chances of water staining.
12 INSTALLATION METHODS Mechanical – This method involves fixed or embedded anchors or ties being used to attach the stone to the surface. You will need to use thicker cladding, as holes need to be drilled into it and mechanical ties or anchors embedded into it. It is recommended that a gap is left to allow for adequate drainage. Aluminium Backing – This method is commonly used for cladding that is being installed outside. It is used to provide structural support to the stone and is actually relatively easy to use. Aluminium panels are shaped to fit the stone perfectly, and to interlock with each other, before being mounted to the surface using runner clips.
● THEY ARE EXTREMELY DURABLE AND HAVE LONG LIFESPAN ● AVAILABLE IN MANY COLORS , TEXTURES AND FORMATS ● PROVIDES HIGH LEVEL OF INSULATION FROM HEAT , RAIN , COLD , ETC ● OFFER VARIOUS FINISHES SO THAT THEY CAN BE USED FOR MANY PROJECTS ● CAN BE USED INDOORS AND OUTDOORS ● IT IS FIRE RESISTANT ● EASY TO MAINTAIN ADVANTAGES ● REQUIRES STRUCTURAL SUBSTRATE WHICH CAN ADD TO THE COST ● REQUIRES SKILLED LABOR FOR INSTALLATION AND CAN BE LABOR INTENSIVE ● TIME CONSUMING TO INSTALL ● CAN TRAP MOISTURE BEHIND CLADDING IF NOT INSTALLED PROPERLY DISADVANTAGES
14 ● Timber cladding provides wide range of styles , textures and finish options that can be used for cladding . ● It is most popularly used for exterior cladding . ● The timber required for cladding could be sliced to form thin sheets , planks or boards . ● Various connection joints such as tongue and groove joint , feather edge joint , shiplap joint ,etc could be used to get desired effect . TIMBER CLADDING
15 1. SHIPLAP 2. TONGUE AND GROOVE 3. RECTANGULAR 4. PARALLELOGRAM 1 2 3 4
● IT IS ECO-FRIENDLY AND BIODEGRADABLE ● WIDE AVAILABILITY OF STYLES , TEXTURES AND FINISH OPTIONS ● IT IS STRONG AND LIGHTWEIGHT WHILE SOME CAN BE HEAVY ● PROVIDES VERY GOOD THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION ● EASY TO REPAIR ● PANELS MAY BE PRE-FABRICATED WHICH REDUCES TIME OF INSTALLATION ADVANTAGES ● CAN BE VERY EXPENSIVE ● REQUIRES MAINTENANCE OVER TIME TO TIME ● REQUIRES REGULAR PAINTING OR STAINING ● IT CAN BE SUBJECTED TO LOSS OF QUALITY OR DAMAGED DUE TO EXPOSURE TO ELEMENTS DISADVANTAGES
17 ● Metal is commonly used for non- structural , rainscreen cladding systems to provide protection from elements and to also provide various finishes . ● As it is malleable and foldable , metal panels can be connected together and attached to a building in many ways to provide aesthetic finishes to the building . ● Metal cladding has wide variety of materials . The material choice depends on factors like climatic conditions , aesthetic requirements , chosen structural system , budget and adjacent materials . METAL CLADDING
18 STEEL MATERIALS BRASS COPPER ZINC TITANIUM ALUMINIUM
● IT IS SUITABLE FOR COMMERCIAL OR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ● STRUCTURES MADE FROM METALS CAN BE DURABLE FOR MANY YEARS ● HAVE LOW INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ● ISN'T AFFECTED BY NATURAL ELEMENTS ● METALS ARE CONSIDERED TO BE ECO FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE ● REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ADVANTAGES ● AS METAL PANELS ARE CONSTANTLY EXPOSED TO WEATHER AND POLLUTION , THE PROTECTIVE COATING CAN BE ATTACKED AND CAN CHANGE THE APPEARANCE OF METAL ● THEY ARE PRONE TO DENTS ● CAN RUST ● METAL CAN BE NOISY WHEN RAIN HITS ITS SURFACE AND HENCE CAN CAUSE SOUND POLLUTION DISADVANTAGES
20 ● Brick cladding method has been used for thousands of years . ● It can be used to enhance the appearance of walls or to provide an old fashioned appearance . ● They are available in variety of patterns or colors and can be laid out in many different courses . ● It is designed to shed and repel water so that it cannot reach internal framing of building . ● First class bricks are used for cladding . BRICK CLADDING
INSTALLATION METHOD 21 STEP 1- PLAN THE LAYOUT OF CLADDING Before we begin to attach any brick , we have to determine where to attach it . We should also ensure that the wall can carry the weight of the brick cladding . STEP 2-LAYING THE BRICK ON SIDE OF WALL Start by applying small amount of adhesive of about ¼” thick on back of full brick and then press it firmly . Then leave ¼” space on all sides of brick . Continue doing this above the brick to cover the whole space . STEP 3- MIX AND LAY MORTAR Mix the mortar and use trowel to layer the mortar between each joint that separate the bricks and be sure not to stick out the mortar between two bricks . STEP 4- CLEAN THE BRICK CLADDING Before the mortar dries , use a wet sponge to clean off remaining mortar .
● LOW MAINTENANCE ● LASTS FOR VERY LONG TIME ● NO NEED TO PAINT OR PROVIDE A PROTECTIVE LAYER ● WITHSTANDS HEAT AND FIRE ● PROVIDES SOUND INSULATION ADVANTAGES ● DIFFICULT TO REPAIR WHEN DAMAGED ● MOISTURE BUILD UP OVER TIME CAN CAUSE BRICK TO DAMAGE ● ORGANIC BRICK CAN CHANGE COLOR AND FADE OVER TIME DISADVANTAGES
23 ● Terracotta cladding is manufactured with natural and aged raw clay without use of other chemicals . ● Types of terracotta cladding are - 1. terracotta rainscreen cladding 2. terracotta precast solution 3. terracotta sun shade TERRACOTTA CLADDING
TERRACOTTA RAINSCREEN CLADDING TERRACOTTA PRECAST SOLUTION CLADDING TERRACOTTA SUNSHADE CLADDING 24 TYPES
● AVAILABLE IN MANY COLORS , TEXTURES AND SIZES ● SAFE TO USE ● SHOCK RESISTANT ● CONSERVES ENERGY ● EASY INSTALLATION ● FIRE RESISTANT ● DOES NOT CHANGE COLOR OVER TIME ADVANTAGES ● REQUIRES SKILLED LABOR ● HIGH INITIAL COST ● SHOULD BE SEALED PROPERLY , IF NOT , THEN WATER CAN SEEP THROUGH IT ● TOUGH TO REPAIR IF DAMAGED ● INSTALLATION IS COMPLEX DISADVANTAGES
MODERN TRENDS ● The old trends of stone, marble, terracotta / clay tiles have come back in fashion. The only difference is that artificial material with these finishes are used. ● The most common trends are : 1. Dynamic cladding :are connected to sun trackers, which respond to the sun's movement – movable louvers open and close automatically to control light and heat into the built environment, shading devices expand and contract to reduce the glare and heat gain. 2. Ventilated facades cladding : the cladding system is installed at a certain gap from the building face and the system itself has vertical gaps between the cladding materials so as to let the natural air to flow in the space between.. This reduces the amount of heat that buildings absorb in hot weather conditions due to partial reflection of solar radiation . This helps in reduction in the costs of air conditioning. Vice versa, in winter. 3. Rainscreen cladding system is a form of double-wall construction that uses an outer layer to keep out the rain and an inner layer to provide thermal insulation. It prevents excessive air leakage and carries wind load. 4. High Pressure Laminates (HPL) cladding: This material is mass produced, easy to install and is available in a wooden look with a lot of varieties. 5. Fibre cement cladding:Fibre cement consists of cement, water, cellulose, textile fibres . The weight of external skin of a house is cut by 9 times .These panels are used as an exterior wall cladding materials in residential , commercial and industrial buildings .Fibre cement planks are made to mimic long wooden planks ,stones and bricks . 26
27 DYNAMIC CLADDING VENTILATED FACADE CLADDING RAINSCREEN CLADDING ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL CLADDING FIBRE CEMENT CLADDING
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