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THE PLANT FAIRY ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES CBSE CLASS - III

The document provides an overview of different types of plants, categorizing them into herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, and creepers based on their characteristics. It details the functions of various plant parts, including roots, stems, and leaves, highlighting their roles in water absorption, structural support, and photosynthesis. Additionally, it discusses root types, leaf structures, and the importance of stomata in gas exchange and transpiration.

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THE PLANT FAIRY ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES CBSE CLASS - III
Introduction: Go outside and observe all the plants around you. Do you see that some plants are small, some very big, while some are just patches of green on the soil? Some have green leaves, while some others have reddish ones. Some have huge red flowers, some have tiny blue ones, while some have none.
We do see a variety of plants existing all around us near our homes, in the school ground, on the way to the school, in the parks and gardens, isn’t it? Based on these characters most plants can be classified into three categories: herbs, shrubs and trees, climbers and creepers.
HERBS Herbs are small plants which have soft stem. Examples: Wheat, paddy, cabbage, grass, coriander etc. Grass Wheat Paddy
SHRUBS These are bushy and medium- sized plants and they are somewhat bigger than herbs. Their branches start from just above the ground. Examples: Lemon, Coriander, Henna, Rose etc.
TREE These are tall and large plants with hard and woody stem. A single main-stem arises from the ground. The main-stem is called trunk. The trunk gives out many branches at certain height. The branches carry leaves, flowers and fruits. Examples: Mango, banyan, acacia, coconut, poplar, willow etc. Trunk
CLIMBER Plants with weak stem that needs support is called climber. Examples: Grapevine, money-plant, cucumber, bean etc.
CREEPERS Plants with weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on the ground are called creepers. Examples: Pumpkin, Watermelon, sweet potato etc.
PARTS OF PLANT AND THEIR FUNCTION Each part of the plant has its own work to do. All these parts work together to keep the plant alive. There are two main parts of plant. One is shoot and the other is root.
ROOT: The part of the plant that grows under the soil is called as root. Different plants have different types of roots.
THE SHOOT The part of plant that grows above the soil is called the shoot. Stem, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits are all the parts of shoot. Shoot
ROOTS The underground part of a plant is called root. It is usually pale in colour. The root is a very important component of the plant system, as, without the presence of roots the plant ceases to exist.
FUNCTION OF ROOTS Roots are responsible for absorbing minerals and water from the soil and transferring them to the stem. And the stem becomes capable of transporting these to all parts of the plant.
Another important function of roots helps in holding the plant firmly to the soil. They anchor the plant to the soil. This is essential to support the upright position of the plants.
Roots also perform the function of storing important nutrients and food for growth. There are two major types of roots: Roots are two types: tap root and fibrous roots.
TAP ROOT This is composed of a main root which grows from the base of the stem. Many branches and sub-branches come out of the main root (tap root). Examples: pea, radish, carrot, mango, marigold, mustard etc.
FIBROUS ROOT In this type, a cluster of thin fibre-like roots arise from the base of the stem. These roots spread out in the soil. Examples: Maize, grass, wheat, millet, etc.
AERIAL ROOTS These are roots of plants and trees that grow above the ground instead of under the ground.
STEM Stem usually grows above the ground. The stem makes the main structural framework of the plant. The stem bears leaves, branches, buds, flowers and fruits.
The point from where branches or leaves grow is called as node. The portion of a stem between two consecutive nodes is called the internodes.
FUNCTIONS OF STEM The stem gives structural support to the plant. It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. The stem carries water and minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant.
Potato Turmeric Ginger Stem gets modified for food storage in some plants, e.g. potato, ginger, turmeric etc.
LEAF The leaves of plants are majorly responsible for performing two essential functions for the plant’s survival and growth. These two functions are called transpiration and photosynthesis. Leaves and stem together form the shoot.
The leaf is a thin, flat and green structure which arises from the node of the stem. The green colour of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green-coloured pigment.
The flat green portion of the leaf is called leaf-blade or lamina. The leaf is attached to the stem by a short stalk; called petiole. Small lines present on a leaf are called its vein. These gives support and transport water and mineral through the leaf. A thick vein in the middle of the leaf is called midrib.
VENATION Arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. We distinguish between two major types of leaf venation. VEINS
RETICULATE VENATION When the veins make a network like structure, it is called reticulate venation. This type of venation is seen in dicots like guava, mango, jackfruit, etc.
PARALLEL VENATION When the veins run parallel to each other, it is called parallel venation .This type of venation is in monocots like banana, wheat, coconut, leaves of paddy, wheat, grass, etc.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Green leaves prepare food for plants by using water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. This process is called as photosynthesis.
FUNCTIONS OF LEAF Loss of water vapour from plants through the stomata is as called transpiration. A major portion of transpiration happens through stomata.
STOMATA There are many small openings on the lower surface of a leaf. These are called stomata. Stomata allow gases to enter or exit the leaf. Unwanted water is also removed through stomata; in the form of water vapour.
REPRODUCTION Leaves of some plants helps in reproduction also. For e.g. leaves of Bryophyllum give rise to a new Bryophyllum plant.
ACTIVITY: COLLECT DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEAVES FROM YOUR BACKYARD
THE PLANT FAIRY ENVIRONMENTALSTUDIES CBSE CLASS - III