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The metric system

The metric system is a decimal-based system used widely for measurement. It features prefixes that are multiples of 10, ranging from kilo (1000) to milli (0.001). Common metric units include meters for length, grams for mass, and liters for liquid volume. To convert between units, you multiply or divide by powers of 10 - moving the decimal point right to multiply and left to divide. For example, 1000mm = 100cm or 100cm / 10 = 10dm. The metric system is used internationally, especially in science and engineering.

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Meters, Grams and Liters
The Metric System • The metric system is a measurement system based on our decimal (base 10) number system. • Other countries and all scientists and engineers use the metric system for measurement.
Metric Prefixes • Metric Units • The metric system has prefix modifiers that are multiples of 10. Prefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word Kilo- k 1000 Thousand Hecto- h 100 Hundred Deca- da or dk 10 Ten Unit m, l, or g 1 One Deci- d .1 Tenth Centi- c .01 Hundredth Milli- m .001 thousandth
Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL
Meters • Meters measure length or distance • One millimeter is about the thickness of a dime.
Meters • One centimeter is about the width of a large paper clip •or your fingernail.
Meters • A meter is about the width of a doorway
Meters • A kilometer is about six city blocks or 10 football fields. • 1.6 kilometers is about 1 mile
Gram • Grams are used to measure mass or the weight of an object.
Grams • A milligram weighs about as much as a grain of salt.
Grams • 1 gram weighs about as much as a small paper clip. • 1 kilogram weighs about as much as 6 apples or 2 pounds.
Liters • Liters measure liquids or capacity.
Liter • 1 milliliter is about the amount of one drop
Liter • 1 liter is half of a 2 liter bottle of Coke or other soda
Liter • A kiloliter would be about 500 2-liter bottles of pop
Which unit would you use to measure the length of this bicycle? km m cm mm
Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a penny? km g cL mg
Which unit would you use to measure the water in an aquarium? L m cL mg
Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a feather? L m cL mg
Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a student desk? kg g cL mg
Which unit would you use to measure the mass of a whole watermelon? kg g cL mg
Which unit would you use to measure the mass of an egg? kg g mm mg
Which unit would you use to measure a can of soup? kL L mm mL
Which unit would you use to measure this glass of milk? kL L cL mL
Which unit would you use to measure the distance across Kansas? km m cm mL
Which unit would you use to measure the height of a tree? km m cm mm
Which unit would you use to measure the length of a bracelet? km m cm mm
Changing Metric Units • To change from one unit to another in the metric system you simply multiply or divide by a power of 10.
To change from a larger unit to a smaller unit, you need to multiply. 1 km x 1000 = 1000 m 1 m x 100 = 100 cm 1 cm x 10 = 10mm
Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kL kg hm hL hg dkm dkL dkg m L g dm dL dg cm cL cg mm mL mg Move the decimal point to the right to multiply.
Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL
To change from smaller units to larger units you divide by a power of ten. 1000mm ÷ 10 = 100cm 100cm ÷ 10 = 10dm 10dm ÷ 10 = 1m
Place Values of Metric Prefixes Thousand Hundred Ten One Tenth Hundredth Thousandth km kL kg hm hL hg dkm dkL dkg m L g dm dL dg cm cL cg mm mL mg Move the decimal point to the left to divide.
Place Values of Metric Prefixes km kg kL hm hg hL dkm dkg dkL m g L dm dg dL cm cg cL mm mg mL 3km 30hm 300dkm 3000m 4L 30000dm 300000cm 12cm 3000000mm
The metric system