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Software architecture simplified

This document provides an overview of software architecture. It defines software architecture as the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution. The document discusses software vs building architecture, architectural styles like layered, pipes and filters, and data-centered styles. It also covers standards, frameworks and methodologies used for software architecture. Finally, it discusses the human aspects of practicing software architecture and provides some case studies.

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Software Architecture Simplified By Prasad Chitta Techno Functional Consultant
Agenda Section1 - Section2 - Section3 - Foundation Styles Standards
Software Architecture Foundation • What is “software architecture” – What is Software? – What is Architecture? • Why “Software Architecture” > software + architecture? • How “Software Architecture” contrasts and compares with “Building Architecture”
Software, Architecture • Software = that acquires, processes or presents “data” – Data = observed fact – Appears as system, application, component, platform, module etc., • Architecture = key decisions related to building something NEW – Vitruvius defines three principles - firmitas, utilitas, venustas (durability, utility, beauty) – Chiefly describes “structure of components” and their “inter-relationships”
Software Architecture defined • Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components, their relationships to each other, and to the environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution. [IEEE 1471] – A system is a collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions. The term system encompasses individual applications, systems in the traditional sense, subsystems, systems of systems, product lines, product families, whole enterprises, and other aggregations of interest. A system exists to fulfill one or more missions in its environment. [IEEE 1471] • A mission is a use or operation for which a system is intended by one or more stakeholders to meet some set of objectives. [IEEE 1471] – A stakeholder is an individual, team, or organization (or classes thereof) with interests in, or concerns relative to, a system. [IEEE 1471] – The environment, or context, determines the setting and circumstances of developmental, operational, political, and other influences upon that system. [IEEE 1471]
Software vs. Buildings Software Architecture Building Architecture Even after realization software is still After realization building is visible invisible! Durability means capability to adopt the Durability means capability to withstand change the change Software is dynamic and involves Buildings are static (no behavior!) behavior Aesthetics of software architecture Aesthetics of a building as well are non- appear in non functional attributes of the functional software Goal is to achieve the purpose / function Same here… of the software in most elegant manner Multiple viewpoints from different Same here… stakeholders
Viewpoints Business process Information (logical / flow (data) functional) Application Deployment (modules) (physical) Software A “Software Architecture” describes static and dynamic aspects of a system from multiple view points for a common understanding between all the stakeholders involved.
Agenda Section1 - Section2 - Section3 - Foundation Styles Standards
Architectural Styles – a list • Software is all about “data” and • Independent Components its “processing” – Event Driven • Data flow Styles include – Communicating processes – Batch Sequential – Messaging Systems – Pipes and filters • Publish Subscribe style • Data Centered Styles – Peer to peer – Repository – Blackboard – Service oriented – Shared nothing • Virtual Machine – Etc., – Interpreter – Rule based • Call & Return • Combining these basic styles, – Main & Sub program heterogeneous and hierarchical – Object oriented architectural styles can be derived – Layered
Scenarios for Creating Architecture • Descriptive Architecture – “As is” – Most of the times, a system exists, but the architecture is not available in a usable format. • Prescriptive Architecture – “To be” – A reference model is taken and style applied to create a reference architecture, then a software architecture and a system architecture are derived from it.
But, Why? • Non functional • Overall System • Other properties Properties security and like portability, visible at compliance flexibility, runtime testability etc., Performance Security Portability Creating an architecture considers the “quality attributes” beyond functionality and usability. For the defined properties, different styles provide proven and predictable results.
Good Architecture • Focus on significant decisions • Balances the conflicting stakeholder needs • Optimizes available resources • Considers scenarios from multiple view points • And most importantly – evolves with the environment!
Agenda Section1 - Section2 - Section3 - Foundation Styles Standards
Standards, Frameworks, Methodologies, … • Now we know, Software Architects produce “models” from multiple viewpoints of a software considering various functional and non-functional properties of the system. • They use some well known styles, patterns which have proven solutions for the common problems within the domain of software solutions • The overall process adds value to either building a new software or modifying an existing software within an enterprise. • That means, multiple stakeholders need to understand the architecture consistently across the globe in larger organizations / enterprise.
List of Standards • ISO 1471 • TOGAF • DoDAF • Etc., • Standards are good they give consistency of notation • Standards can be “open” or “closed i.e, proprietary” • Standards sometimes hinder the “creativity”
Framework, methodology • A framework provides skeletal structure for developing, documenting and visualizing the architecture like templates etc., • Architecture development methodologies give directives to build the architectures or review the architectures by providing the checklists etc.,
Agenda Section1 - Section2 - Section3 - Foundation Styles Standards
Human Aspects • Practicing software architecture is just not a science or engineering! It is an ART as well. • Soft skills like interpersonal skills are very important for an Architect • Software Architecture influences and influenced by the organization structure • Sometimes it becomes political as well….
Case Studies • Developing an elastic enterprise architecture for a green field pensions provider on a pay per policy model • As is and To be architecture for a de-merger of metering business from a gas utility organization
Thank You Reach Me on: http://www.linkedin.com/in/prasadchitta Blog: http://technofunctionalconsulting.blogspot.com