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restraints.pptx

Restraints are protective devices used to limit patient movement during medical procedures. They are used to immobilize body parts, restrict activity for safety and security, and prevent removal of life-supporting equipment or self-harm. Common types include clove hitch restraints for limbs, mitten restraints for hands, elbow restraints, mummy restraints for small children, jacket restraints, and safety belts. Proper application and nursing care of restraints is important to prevent tissue damage, pressure sores, and other hazards.

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Restraints  Restraints are protective devices used to limit the movement of the patient while carrying out diagnostic and therapeutic measures
Purposes  To immobilize the body part  To restrict activity and promote feeling of security  To prevent patient from harming himself and others  To prevent confused client from removing any life supportive equipments
Types of restraints  Clove hitch restraints  Mitten restraint  Elbow restraint  Mummy restraints  Jacket restraint  Safety belts
Clove hitch restraint (extremity restraints  It is used to restraint one limb or all four.  It is made from long gauze or commercial ties  Make two loops with gauze and bring them together.  Adjust the loops snugly to the wrist or ankle and tie the ends to the mattress spring.  Padding the skin is essential
Mitten restraint  It is used for patients to prevent them using their fingers or hands for removing tubes, dressing or other appliances used in the treatment
Elbow restraint  Take a well padded hard cardboard for splints long enough to support the elbow from midarm to forearm. Place it in position and firmly bandage in spiral movement from below to upward.  The elbow restraints may be used for infants who are receiving scalp vein infusion, infants with cleft lip repairs etc.
Mummy restraint  It is used to restrict the movement of the limbs in a small child during a procedure- eye,ear,throat examination  This involves securing a sheet or blanket around the child’s body in such a way that arms are held the sides and leg movements are restricted
Procedure 1. Place a blanket or draw sheet flat on the bed 2. Place the infant on his back on the sheet with the top of the sheet at infant’s shoulder line and the bottom of the sheet extending 10-12 inches beyond his feet 3. Place infants one arm at sides in anatomical position 4. Fold the sheet over the body and under the arm at opposite side , tucking the excess securely under infant 5. Fold the bottom corner up towards the shoulder 6. Place the other arm in anatomical position 7. Fold the sheet over the body and tuck the excess sheet under infant
Jacket restraint  It is used for children and adults.  A jacket is usually put on the patient and tied at the back and straps from the jacket are tied to the both side of the bed frame under mattress
Safety belts  It made up of electrically non conductive materials. These are frequently used on stretchers and operation tables in order to prevent the client from falling.
Hazards of restraints  Tissue damage under restraints due to constant friction  Damage to other parts of body-dislocation  Development of pressure sores  Development of hypostatic pneumonia  Ischemia or nerve damage  Foot drop or wrist drop  Inability of nursing staff to resuscitate a client in time  Inability of client to escape injury or death.
General instructions/nursing care  Explain the need and type of restraints  Allow freedom to move’  Circulation must not be occluded by restraint  Pad the bony prominence  Maintain the normal body alignment while applying restraints  Untie the restraint every 4 hours  Client with restraint should be visited every 30-60 hrs  Fasten the restraint to the bed frame ,not to the side rail  Never use restraint over an IV site  Ensure that there are no wrinkles on restriant
 Choose correct restraint size