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![Priority Operator (s) Associativity
1 [ ], ( ), DOT (.) Left to Right
2 ++, -- Postfix Right to Left
3 ++, -- (Prefix), ~, !, Unary Minus (-), Unary
Plus(+), (typecast L2R)
Right to Left
4 *, /, % Arithmetic Left to Right
5 +, - Arithmetic Left to Right
6 <<, >>, >>> Bitwise Left to Right
7 >, >=, <, <= Relational Left to Right
8 ==, != Relational Left to Right
9 & Bitwise, Logical Left to Right
10 ^ Bitwise, Logical Left to Right
11 | Bitwise, Logical Left to Right
12 && Bitwise, Logical Left to Right
13 || Bitwise, Logical Left to Right
14 ?: Ternary Operator Right to Left
15 -> Arrow Operator Left to Right
15 =, op= assignment, Compound Right to Left](/proxy?url=https%3A%2F%2Fimage.slidesharecdn.com%2Fprogramminginjava-251115130816-eacd614d%2F75%2FProgramming-in-Java-Operators-in-Java-with-examples-35-2048.jpg)
Programming in Java-Operators in Java with examples
- 1. Operators in Java By B.Prabadevi SITE,VIT Symbolson which operations are performed
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- 3. Java Operators • Operatorsin Java are the special type of tokens in Java which when coupled with entities such as variables or constants or datatypes result in a specific operation such as addition, multiplication or even shifting of bits. • Four major groups of java operators: • Arithmetic • Bitwise • relational • Logical
- 4. The Basic ArithmeticOperators • Java Arithmetic Operators are used to perform arithmetic operations. • There are mainly 5 Arithmetic Operators in Java Operator Operation Result +(binary) Addition Sum of two entities +(unary) Unary Plus Returns the value of its operand -(binary) Subraction Difference of two entities -(unary) Unary minus Negates its single operand * Multiplication Product of two entities / Division Quotient value of division % Modulo Remainder after dividing the two operands.
- 5. The Basic ArithmeticOperators • Guess the output:
- 6. Arithmetic Compound AssignmentOperators • Java provides special operators that can be used to combine an arithmetic operation with an assignment. Operator Usage Equivalent += a += 4; a=a+4 -= a -= 4; a=a-4 *= a*=4 a=a*4 = a=4 a=a4 %= a%=4 a=a%4 Guess the output C=c+(a*b)=3+(6*8)=51
- 7. Increment and Decrement •Prefix • x = 42; • y = ++x; • Here y=43, because the increment occurs before x is assigned to y • Equivalent : x=x+1; y=x; • Postfix • x = 42; • y = x++; • Here y=42, because the value of x is obtained before the increment operator is executed • Equivalent: y = x; x = x + 1; The ++ and the - - are Java’s increment and decrement operators.
- 8. Increment and Decrement •Prefix • x = 42; • y = --x; • Here y=41, because the decrement occurs before x is assigned to y • Equivalent : x=x-1; y=x; • Postfix • x = 42; • y = x--; • Here y=42, because the value of x is obtained before the decrement operator is executed • Equivalent: y = x; x = x - 1; The ++ and the - - are Java’s increment and decrement operators.
- 9. Unary Operator • LogicalNot Operator in Java • flips the value of a boolean value • It is denoted by a !
- 10. The Bitwise Operators •Java defines several (Binary Digit) bitwise operators that can be applied to the integer types, long, int,short, char, and byte. • These operators act upon the individual bits of their operands.
- 11. • a =5 = 0000 0101 • b = 7= 0000 0111 • a << 1 = 0000 1010 = 10 • a << 2 = 0001 0100 = 20 Operator Operation Usage (consider a=5 and b=7) Result ~ Bitwise unary NOT ~a =(-a)-1 -6 & Bitwise AND a & b 5 | Bitwise OR a | b 7 ^ Bitwise exclusive OR a ^ b 2 >> Shift right (signed) a >> b (a/(2^b)) 0 >>> Shift right zero fill (unsigned) a >>> b 1 << Shift left a << b (a*(2^b)) 640 &= Bitwise AND assignment a &= b 5 |= Bitwise OR assignment a |= b 7 ^= Bitwise exclusive OR assignment a ^= b 2 >>= Shift right assignment a >>= 2 1 >>>= Shift right zero fill assignment a >>>= 2 1 <<= Shift left assignment a <<= 2 20 Java uses two’s complement to store negative number
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- 13. Examples • Let A=60 •A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 • A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 • 40<<1 =40*(2^1) 40>>1=40/(2^1) • -40<<1=-40*(2^1)=-80 Integer division What is 40>>5?? 1
- 14. Unsigned (>>>) vsSigned (>>) • >> shifts bits of the number towards the right and also reserve sign bit, which is leftmost bit. • A sign bit represents the sign of a number. • If the sign bit is 0 then it represents a positive number. • If sign bit is 1, it represents a negative number. • The unsigned right shift operator always fills the leftmost position with 0s because the value is not signed. • Since it always stores 0 in the sign bit, it is also called zero fill right shift operator in java. • If you will apply the unsigned right shift operator >>> on a positive number, it will give the same result as that of >>. • But in the case of negative numbers, the result will be positive because the signed bit is replaced by 0. • 32-bit value that is actually being shifted Both are division by 2
- 15. Unsigned (>>>) vsSigned (>>) • Both signed right shift operator >> and unsigned right shift operator >>> are used to shift bits towards right. • The only difference between them is that >> preserve sign bits whereas >>> does not preserve sign bit. • It always fills 0 in the sign bit whether number is positive or negative.
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- 17. -10>>2 • Reserves thesign after shifting • -60>>2-3 • 6000111100 11000011 +1 ---------------------------- -60 1111000100 11110001(-1) 11110000 00001111 -15
- 18. -1>>>24 • Useful andmeaningful for 32- and 64-bit values. • smaller values are automatically promoted to int in expressions • sign-extension occurs and that the shift will take place on a 32-bit rather than on an 8- or 16-bit value. • +1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110 (+1) -1 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111255
- 19. -10>>>2 • 1000000000 0000000000000000 00001010 • -1011111111 11111111 11111111 11110110 • >>>2 • 00111111 11111111 11111111 111111011,073741821 -10>>>21,073741821 0 0
- 20. Bitwise Operator CompoundAssignments • All of the binary bitwise operators have a compound form similar to that of the algebraic operators, which combines the assignment with the bitwise operation
- 21. Relational Operators • Therelational operators determine the relationship that one operand has to the other Operator Meaning > Greater than >= Greater than or Equal to < Less than <= Less than or Equal to == Equal to != Not Equal to Priority Operator Meaning 1 >, >=, <, <= Greater than, Greater than or Equal to, Less than, Less than or Equal to 2 ==, != Equal to, Not Equal to
- 22. Comparison Operators withboolean and numbers • > has more priority than ==. • So, a is compared with b first. In the end, the result of the first relational expression is compared with false.
- 23. Boolean Logical Operators •The Boolean logical operators shown here operate only on boolean operands Priority Operator Simple Name 1 ! Logical Unary NOT 2 & Logical AND 3 ^ Exclusive OR or XOR 4 | Logical OR 5 && Logical Short Circuit AND 6 || Logical Short Circuit OR 7 op= Compound Assignment Operator &=, |=, ^= 7 = Assignment Except for Logical NOT(!), all other logical operators have less priority than Arithmetic and Relational operators.
- 24. Truth table ofBoolean Logical operators • Guess the output
- 25. Short-Circuit Logical Operators •These are secondary versions of the Boolean AND and OR operators, and are commonly known as short-circuit logical operators • the OR operator (||) results in true when A is true, no matter what B is. • AND operator results in false when A is false, no matter what B is. • Whereas & and | considers both operand values • Short-circuit logical evaluation • Java will not bother to evaluate the right-hand operand when the outcome of the expression can be determined by the left operand alone.
- 26. Example Here b wasdecremented twice but the short circuit operator omits the other operand
- 27. The ?: Operator(Ternary Operator) • Java includes a special ternary (three-way) operator that can replace certain types of if then- else statements • Here, condition can be any expression that evaluates to a boolean value. If condition is true, then true part expression is evaluated; otherwise, false part expression is evaluated. • Both true part expression and false part expression are required to return the same (or compatible) type, which can’t be void Guess K??
- 28. Java instanceof • Thejava instanceof operator is used to test whether the object is an instance of the specified type (class or subclass or interface). False
- 29. Operators Precedence andAssociativity • When an expression is evaluated, there may be more than one operators involved in an expression. • When more than one operator has to be evaluated in an expression , Java interpreter has to decide which operator should be evaluated first. • Java makes this decision on the basis of the precedence and the associativity of the operators. • What if all operators in an expression have same priority? • In that case the second property associated with an operator comes into play, which is associativity. • Associativity tells the direction of execution of operators that can be either left to right or right to left.
- 31. Operators Precedence andPriority • Arithmetic Operators
- 32. Operators Precedence andPriority • Relational Operators
- 33. Operators Precedence andPriority • Relational Operators 8
- 34. Operators Precedence andPriority • Bitwise operators
- 35. Priority Operator (s)Associativity 1 [ ], ( ), DOT (.) Left to Right 2 ++, -- Postfix Right to Left 3 ++, -- (Prefix), ~, !, Unary Minus (-), Unary Plus(+), (typecast L2R) Right to Left 4 *, /, % Arithmetic Left to Right 5 +, - Arithmetic Left to Right 6 <<, >>, >>> Bitwise Left to Right 7 >, >=, <, <= Relational Left to Right 8 ==, != Relational Left to Right 9 & Bitwise, Logical Left to Right 10 ^ Bitwise, Logical Left to Right 11 | Bitwise, Logical Left to Right 12 && Bitwise, Logical Left to Right 13 || Bitwise, Logical Left to Right 14 ?: Ternary Operator Right to Left 15 -> Arrow Operator Left to Right 15 =, op= assignment, Compound Right to Left