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PINTURAS EN LA PREHISTORIA

Cave painting, originating around 40,000 BC, involves using color pigments on cave walls and primarily depicts animals, human forms, and symbols. Prehistoric painters utilized local earth pigments and organic materials to create art, with notable sites including Altamira and Lascaux showcasing remarkable imagery. These artworks reflect the cultural practices of early humans, including hunting scenes and ritualistic elements.

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PINTURA EN LA PREHISTORIA
 Cave painting involves the application of colour pigments on the walls, floors or ceilings of prehistoric rock shelters and caves. Cave paintings are monochrome, made with only one colour (usually black) or polychrome consisting of two or more colours. Chauvet Cave, France Altamira, Cantabria, Spain. 2
 The development of cave art coincided with the displacement of Neanderthal man by Homo Sapiens Sapiens, starting around 40,000 BC. At least two hundred painted caves have been found throughout the Pyrenees regions of southern France and northern Spain. Lascaux, France. Cosquer Cave, France. 3
 The paintings primarily depict animals but also include occasional human forms, a variety of non-representational symbols, human handprints, and engravings. Pech Merle, France. Cueva del Castillo, Cantabria, Spain. 4
PREHISTORIC PIGMENTS  Prehistoric painters used the pigments available in the vicinity. These pigments were the so-called earth pigments, (minerals limonite and hematite, red ochre, yellow ochre and umber), charcoal from the fire (carbon black), burnt bones (bone black) and white from grounded calcite (lime white). 5
CAVE ART IN EUROPE 6
ALTAMIRA  The cave is approximately 1000 meters long. Around 13,000 years ago a rockfall sealed the cave's entrance, preserving its contents until its discovery in 1879.  Bison, horses, deer, hands, and mysterious signs were painted or engraved over the 9,000 years during which the cave of Altamira was inhabited (22,000- 13,000 years ago). These representations extend for a length of more than 270 metres throughout the cave although the best known are the famous polychrome paintings. 7
 They used the natural contours of the cave walls to give their subjects a three- dimensional effect. 8
Tito Bustillo, Asturias.
LASCAUX.  The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can be grouped into three main categories: animals, human figures, and abstract signs. The paintings contain no images of the surrounding landscape or the vegetation of the time. 10
 Most of the major images have been painted using red, yellow, and black colours from mineral pigments, including iron oxide (ochre) and haematite for red colour, goethite for yellow colour, as well as manganese-containing pigments. Charcoal may also have been used for black colour. The colour may have been applied using animal fat. 11
ARTE RUPESTRE LEVANTINO.
Cavalls de Valltorta, Castellón • Abrigos y paredes rocas al aire libre. • La figura humana es protagonista. • Predominio de las escenas combinadas de humanos y animales con contenido narrativo. • Progresiva tendencia al esquematismo. • Domina la monocromía, sobre todo del rojo y el negro.
Cuenva Remigia, Castellón • Las vestimentas de las figuras humanas apuntan a un clima más cálido que en la época del Paleolítico y las pinturas rupestres. • En cuanto a los animales aparecen muchas cabras, toros y ciervos. • Los varones aparecen en roles de cazadores y las mujeres en escenas religiosas y agrícolas.
Roca de los Moros, El Cogul, Lérida. • También temenos escenas de cultos, sacrificios u ofrendas como en esta danza ritual. • En la vestimenta femenina se repiten las faldas acampanadas y complementos de decoración como cintas, diademas o plumas.
Cueva de la Araña, Bicorp, Valencia
Cueva de la Vieja, Alpera, Albacete.
PINTURAS ESQUEMÁTICAS.
Peña Escrita, Fuencaliente, Ciudad Real.
Cueva de Almadén, Santander
Cueva de Bacinete, Los Barrios, Cádiz. • Esquematismo y nivel de abstracción que hace a veces muy dificil su interpretación. • Figura humana representada, en su mayor parte, con brazos y piernas en arco, con cabeza, tronco y sexo. • Figuras y símbolos solares y estelares. • Escenas de caza representadas con escasos trazos. • Representaciones religiosas con ídolos oculados.
Tajo de las Figuras, Benalup- Casas Viejas, Cádiz.
ÍDOLOS PLACA E ÍDOLO OCULADOS: EDAD DEL COBRE • Los ídolos placa están frecuentemente asociados a construcciones megalíticas así que tendrían una relación con el mundo funerario. • Los ídolos oculados se podrían asociar a divinidades funerarias, referencias familiares o territoriales.