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Uploaded byGeetha Rajendran
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Pathologies of uterus

The document summarizes various pathologies of the uterus, including uterine fibroids, uterine prolapse, uterine didelphys, and uterine sarcoma. It describes the anatomy and functions of the uterus, then discusses specific conditions such as their symptoms, diagnostic methods, and common treatments. Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy bleeding and enlargement. Uterine prolapse is the downward displacement of the uterus into the vaginal canal. Uterine didelphys is a rare uterine malformation where the uterus is double. Uterine sarcoma are malignant tumors of the uterine muscle and connective tissues.

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Pathologies of Uterus
UTERUS :  Major female hormone responsive reproductive organ.  Hollow muscular organ.  Responsible for development of embryo and fetus during pregnancy.  Pear-shaped organ. It is divided into 3 parts.  Fundus  Body (corpus)  Cervix or Neck
It has 3 layers  Endometrium  Myometrium  Perimetrium  Ligament of uterus :  Broad ligament  Round ligament  Cardinal ligament  Anterior and posterior ligament Blood supply :  uterine artery (branch of internal iliac artery)  ovarian artery
UTERINE FIBROIDS  Very common non-cancerous growth that develop in muscular wall of uterus.  Can cause uterus to grow size of 5th month pregnancy.  Most common tumor of female genital tract. Consist of 3 types  Subserosal fibroids  Intramural fibroids  Submucosal fibroids
SYMPTOMS :  pelvic pain.  Pain in back & legs.  Heavy & prolonged menstrual periods. TREATMENT :  Surgery –Hysterectomy Myomectomy
UTERINE FIBROID EMBOLIZATION  It is performed by vascular Interventional Radiologist under local anesthesia.
 Catheter is used to deliver small particles that block the blood supply to fibroid tumor.  Causes fibroid tumor to shrink & die.
UTERINE PROLAPSE  Downward displacement of uterus into vaginal canal.  Gradually descends of uterus in axis of vagina taking the vaginal wall.
Causes :  Stretching of muscle, fibrous tissue.  Increase abdominal pressure.  Predisposition of stretching of ligament as a response presumably to year in erect position.
Degrees of Prolapse  First degree :
 Second degree :
 THIRD DEGREE :
Symptoms :  Back pain  Stress incontinence  Increase frequency of micuturition  “Bearing down” sensation.  Difficult in voiding urine. Treatment :  Surgery : Vaginal hysterectomy Manchester repair
VAGINAL PESSARY TREATMENT  It is fit inside vagina and holds uterus place.  It can be permanent or temporary.
TYPES OF PESSARY
UTERINE DIDELPHYS  Represent a uterine malformation.  Uterus present paired organ when embryo genetic fusion of mullerian duct fail to occur.  As a result Double uterus with 2 separate cervices, often a double vagina. Symptoms :  cramping pain before (or) during menstrual period.  Abnormal bleeding.
Diagnosis :  Trans vaginal ultrasonography  Sonohysterography  MRI Treatment :  Surgery – laparoscopic hysterectomy
UTERINE SARCOMA  A group of malignant tumor that arise in connective tissue and smooth muscle of uterus.  It usually occur after menopause. Types of sarcoma :  LEIOMYOSARCOMA : cancer begins in smooth muscle.
 Carcinosarcoma : Occur in post menopausal –median age of women. Associated with diabetes, hypertension, obesity. It also cause pelvic irradiation.
 Endometrial stromal sarcoma : cancer begin in connective tissue.
Symptoms :  Unusual or postmenopausal bleeding.  Pelvic pain.  Uterus enlarges. Diagnosis :  Ultrasound  MRI  Hysteroscopy  Biopsy Treatment :  Surgery : Hysterectomy Bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy Lymphadnectomy
HEMATOMETRA:  Collection or retention of blood in uterus.  Caused by imperforate of hymen , transverse vaginal septum. Symptoms :  Cramping pain in lower abdomen.  For premenopausal women – abnormal bleeding.  Dysmenorrheal ( pain during menstruation)  Amenorrhea (absent periods)
Diagnosis :  Ultrasound  MRI  Biopsy Treatment : Surgery -  Hysterectomy  Laparoscopy method.
Pathologies of uterus