Parotitis or Mumps ppt for 3rd semesters

Parotitis or Mumps ppt for 3rd semesters

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  PAROTITIS (OR)
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  DEFINITION: Parotitis is inflammationof the parotid salivary gland. Inflammation results in swelling of the tissues that surround the salivary glands, redness, and soreness. TYPES OF PAROTITIS: Based on the onset: Acute Chronic Chronic with acute exacerbation Based on the causative agents: Bacterial parotitis Viral parotitis
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  CAUSATIVE AGENT: Staphylococcus aureusis the most common bacterial pathogen Viral parotitis is more common worldwide than bacterial parotitis with mumps being the most common viral cause of parotitis in children. PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS: Dehydration Malnutrition Immunosuppression Dental infections Tracheostomy Medications that suppress salivary flow (antihistamines, diuretics, anticholinergic medications)
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  PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Acute bacterial Bacteria spreadfrom the oral cavity parotid gland (via Stensen's duct- the main excretory duct of the parotid gland). Another potential mechanism, especially in newborns, is hematologic spread from transient bacteremia Chronic bacterial Chronic bacterial parotitis may exist in the presence of calculi or stenosis(narrowing) of the ducts secondary to injury and is less likely as a sequela (prior disease or injury)of acute bacterial infection. In most instances, the chronic disease is autoimmune with superimposed bacterial infections.
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  Signs and Symptoms: Facepain Fever Headache Sore throat Loss of appetite Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw) Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area) Other symptoms in males are: Testicle lump Testicle pain Scrotal swelling
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  DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS Cultures: maybe obtained from parotid needle aspiration Ultrasound: demonstrates solid masses or fluid collections within the gland CT scanning and MRI: with gadolinium enhancement(contrast) may be used to determine the size, shape, and presence of a neoplasm or abscess within the gland
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  MANAGEMENT Adequate hydration Ice orheat packs Eat soft food Gargle with warm salt water Medical Management: antimicrobial therapy Antibiotics should be administered intravenously antistaphylococcal antibiotic (nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin). Cefoxitin, imipenem, ertapenem, the combination of penicillin plus beta-lactamase (amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam). Vancomycin, linezolid, or daptomycin. In penicillin-allergic patients, clindamycin is an alternative option Surgical Management Surgical drainage and decompression of the gland are occasionally required if spontaneous drainage does not occur Parotidectomy may eventually be required for people with long-standing infection
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  Prevention MMR immunization (vaccine)protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children at these ages: First dose: 12 through 15 months old Second dose: 4 through 6 years old Adults can also receive the vaccine.