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Ob+Stress Management

The document discusses stress, its causes, types, and management. It defines stress and outlines its negative and positive effects. Key sources of stress discussed include work, the environment, organizations, and individuals. The document recommends both individual approaches like time management, exercise, and relaxation, as well as organizational approaches to managing stress.

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STRESS MANAGEMENT Dr.Preetam.Khandelwal FMS,University of Delhi,Delhi
How big is the stress problem?   Very big and growing   There are potential stressors in all human activities  
Work Stress and Its Management Stress A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity , constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
Work Stress and Its Management Constraints Forces that prevent individuals from doing what they desire. Demands The loss of something desired.
MISCONCEPTIONS 1. All stress harmful 2. Must be avoided 3. Hard w or k kills 4. Not Organization’s problem
TRUTHS No life without stress Cannot be avoided Progress of mankind Not only individual, but Org as well , affected Stress kills, not hard work An individual experience
Work Stress and its Management . Stressor : The person or event that triggers the stress response Eustress : Healthy ,normal stress Distress: Adverse Psychological,physical,behavioral and organizational consequences due to stressful events Strain: Distress
NEGATIVE STRESS It is a contributory factor in minor conditions, such as headaches, digestive problems, skin complaints, insomnia and ulcers Excessive, prolonged and unrelieved stress can have a harmful effect on mental, physical and spiritual health. NEGATIVE STRESS
POSITIVE STRESS Stress can also have a positive effect, spurring motivation and awareness, providing the stimulation to cope with challenging situations Stress also provides the sense of urgency and alertness needed for survival when confronting threatening situations. POSITIVE STRESS
THE INDIVIDUAL Everyone is different, with unique perceptions of, and reactions to, events There is no single level of stress that is optimal for all people Some are more sensitive owing to experiences in childhood, the influence of teachers, parents and religion etc
Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and Job Performance
Potential Sources of Stress Environmental Factors Economic uncertainties of the business cycle Political uncertainties of political systems Technological uncertainties of technical innovations Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security
Potential Sources of Stress Organizational Factors Task demands related to the job Role demands of functioning in an organization Interpersonal demands created by other employees Organizational structure (rules and regulations) Organizational leadership (managerial style) Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)
Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d) Individual Factors Family and personal relationships Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity Personality problems arising for basic disposition Individual Differences Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the individual’s future. Greater job experience moderates stress effects. Social support buffers job stress. Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress. Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job stress.
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF STRESS   Work related   Non-work related Episodic stress Type 1 (e.g.Re-organisation) Type11 (e.g.Marriage ) Chronic stress Type 111 (e.g. Too much, too little work ) Type 1V (e.g. Concern over economy)
SOURCES OF STRESS   Diagnosing stress important Episodic stress both on and off the job causes disruptions ,triggers a chain reaction ,requires personal adjustment Chronic stress even after we become accustomed to it causes pressures that induce illness ,lower feelings of satisfaction ,inhibit growth and work effectiveness
  L ife Styles and Stress We embrace material goods, conveniences,”the good life” we thus ,reduce are ability to cope with stress   We reward competition and achievement above most other human endeavours   We design our life around left brain and increase the amount of stress in our daily lives     We ignore our physical, mental and spiritual wellness
Consequences of Stress High Levels of Stress Physiological Symptoms Behavioral Symptoms Psychological Symptoms
A Model of Stress
Stage 1 -Alarm The body shows characteristics of the first exposure to the stressor ,increase BP, high respiration rate Stage 2- Resistance As stressful condition persists person resists stress ,(Anxiety, tension,accidents ,poor decision making,illness) Stage 3- Exhaustion Resistance fails,headaches,high BP Because of long exposure to same stress General Adaptation Syndrome
Personality Type A’s are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly; feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place; strive to think or do two or more things at once; cannot cope with leisure time; are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire. Type B’s never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience; feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments; play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost; can relax without guilt.
The Necessity for Life-Style Change   It is important to take a holistic perspective or a “systems” approach to understanding stress     H olistic perspective: Three key dimensions of life
ILLNESS WELLNESS   - __________________________________ +     DEPRESSION HAPPINESS   - __________________________________ +     ALIENATION INTEGRATION   - __________________________________ +   THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSION   THE PHYSICAL DIMENSION THE SPRITUAL DIMENSION  
Managing Stress Individual Approaches Implementing time management - life style management -diet,exercise,yoga   Increasing physical exercise Relaxation training/Meditation Expanding social support network - Behavioral techniques—learn to react differently - Cognitive technique— think yourself out of stress
TIME MANAGEMENT Prioritizing activities by importance & urgency Prioritization -Make a list What MUST be done What SHOULD be done What would you LIKE to do Scheduling – Plan your Day Schedule Quite hour, Interruptions, Personal time, Balance
Time Management Knowing your daily cycle Doing high demanding jobs when you are alert and active Delegate & Follow-up Trust yourself to relinquish control Edit your Life - Learn to drop unimportant activities
Managing Stress Organizational Approaches Improved personnel selection and job placement Training Use of realistic goal setting Redesigning of jobs Increased employee involvement Improved organizational communication Offering employee sabbaticals Establishment of corporate wellness programs
Tips for managers we must commit ourselves to action Learn effective stress –management techniques   Recognise that stress and stress management are unique for each of us we must be patient   Accept stress management as a life long learning process   Approach stress management one step at a time
Tips for managers Become knowledgeable about stress T ake a systematic approach to problem solving Come to terms with your feelings Develop effective behavioural skills Establish and maintain a strong support network Concentrate on positive spiritual development  
ABC STRATEGY A = AWARENESS What causes you stress? How do you react?
ABC STRATEGY B = BALANCE There is a fine line between positive / negative stress How much can you cope with before it becomes negative ?
ABC STRATEGY C = CONTROL What can you do to help yourself combat the negative effects of stress ?
Taking responsibility for your own health and well –being is one of the most important keys to successful stress management and life style change
Type A Scoring 120 or more A+ 106-119 A 100-105 A- 90-99 B+ Less than 90 B