Magnetic levitation (MAGLEV)

MAGNETIC
LEVITATION
(MAGLEV)
BY:NAILA SHUTTARY
BRANCH :EEE
ROLL NO :12D21A0213

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
BRIEF HISTORY
BASIC PRINCIPLE
TYPES OF LEVITATION
TECHNIQUES
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
 ANY THING WHICH MAY LEVITATE (FLOAT OR RAISE)
BY MEANS OF MAGNETIC POWER IS CALLED
“MAGNETIC LEVITATION”.
 It is a method to counteract with the effect of GRAVITATIONAL
and OTHER ACCELERATIONS.
 It is also known as “MAGLEV” or “MAGNETIC SUSPENSION”
 It is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to
suspend, guide and propel vehicles from magnets rather than using
mechanical methods, such as wheels, axles and bearings.
 The term “MAGLEV” can be briefly explained by using the
example of maglev trains.

BRIEF HISTORY
The history of maglev train started already in the beginning
of the 1900's century, when the scientists conceived the idea
of frictionless trains.
The Japanese started their research on maglev
transportations in the beginning of the 1970s.
Germans took them ten years to complete the construction
of the first track model. In 1993 the longest nonstop test
running was 1.674 km.
 In China, 2003, they finished a 30 km long German variant
of maglev train in Shanghai, that propels by attractive
forces, EMS .
This is the first commercial magnetic levitation train in the
world. This project cost over 1 billion dollar!!!!!!

BASIC PRINCIPLE
Maglev trains have to perform the following
functions to operate in high speeds :
1.Leviation
2.Propulsion
3.Lateral Guidance

PRINCIPLE OFMAGNET LEVITATION
• The passing of the superconducting
magnets by figure eight levitation coils on
the side of the tract induces a current in
the coils and creates a magnetic field. This
pushes the train upward so that it can
levitate 10 cm above the track.

Principle of PROPULSION
Propulsion is a means of creating force leading
to movement.
The term propulsion is derived from two Latin
words: pro meaning before or forwards and pellere meaning
to drive.
The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides
of the guide way are energized by a three-phase alternating
current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field
on the guide way.
The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and
pushed by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current
in the reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and
repulsive forces.

LATERAL GUIDANCE
• Maglev need a guidance force to keep the
vehicle on track.
• It is obtained by electromagnets of
particular shapes.

TYPES OF LEVITATION
TECHNIQUES ELECTRO DYNAMIC SUSPENSION.
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION.
INDUCTRACK.

APPLICATIONS
High speed trains in Europe and
Japan are perhaps the best example
of magnetic levitation technology.
Magnetic bearings are another
application of magnetic levitation
technology formed by electromagnetic
suspension and electromagnets.
Magnetic bearings support loads
without any kind of physical contact.
Two additional scientific applications
for magnetic levitation include
flywheels and levitation melting.
Flywheels are rotating mechanisms

ADVANTAGES
 Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the same
speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).
 The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of
conventional long-distance railroads.
 Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes,
250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than
automobile travel.
 Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
 The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible, poor
penetration transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire.

DISADVANTAGES
• The high cost is incurred on the initial setup.
• Maglev trains require an all new set up right from
the scratch.
• As the present railway infrastructure is of no use
for maglev, it will either have to be replaced with
the Maglev System or an entirely new set up will
have to be created―both of which will cost a decent
amount in terms of initial investment.
• Although MagLev are pretty quiet, noise caused by
air disturbance still occurs.

OTHER APPLICATIONS
NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching
of space vehicles into low earth orbit.
 Boeing is pursuing research in Maglev to provide a
Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force.
 The mining industry will also benefit from Maglev.
 There are probably many more undiscovered
applications!!!!!!

FUTURE PROPOSALS
The Indian Ministry is currently in the
process of reviewing a proposal to start a
Maglev train system in India and has
estimated the cost would be approx. $30
billion!!!!!!!!
Malaysia has decided to use Maglev
technology to link important landmarks
across the city.
Japan, inventor of the world’s first bullet
train, recently unveiled plans for an even
faster and more radical train model:
a floating train, powered by magnets, that will
travel 100 mph faster than current
bullet trains (about 300 mph).

CONCLUSION
• The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has
been going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts of
the world.
• The chief advantages of this type of train are:
Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent of
friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
• Maintenance costs decreases.
• The Maglev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the
current rail system. A country like India could benefit
very much if this were implemented here. Further
possible applications need to be explored ………………

Magnetic levitation (MAGLEV)

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