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Lpg

This document provides an overview of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for transportation. It defines LPG, compares it to compressed natural gas, and discusses its production, properties, advantages, applications, and performance/emissions when used in vehicles. LPG is produced as a byproduct of oil refining or natural gas processing. It consists mainly of propane and butane and is stored and transported as a liquid under pressure. When used as a vehicle fuel, it is less polluting than gasoline but requires installation of an LPG conversion kit involving a fuel storage tank, pressure regulator, and injectors.

Engineering◦
PREPARED BY – TARUN B PATEL 140190739009 GEC VALSAD ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR TRANSPORTATION (LPG)
DEFINATION COMPARISION BETWEEN CNG AND LPG PRODUCTION PROPERTIES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION LPG CONVERTION PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS LPG
By-product during fractional distillation of crude petroleum oil or by cracking of heavy oil. It consists of Hydrocarbons (propane and butane). liquefied under pressure. economically stored and transported in cylinders. Its calorific value is about 25,000 kcal/m3 LPG
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CONTI… Constituents percentage N-butane 38.5 Iso butane 37 propane 24.5
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 Refinery operations  Wet Natural Gas or Associated Gas PRODUCTION
LPG FROM CRUDE OIL
LPG FROM NATURAL GAS
BEHAVIOUR COLOUR ODOUR TOXICITY FLAMMABILITY VAPOURISATION VAPOUR DENSITY LEQIUED DENSITY VAPOUR PRESSURE EXPANSION BOILING POINT SEARCHING CHEMICAL REACTION CALORIFIC VALUE FUEL/AIR MIX PROPERTIES
 LPG consists of hydrocarbons, so it burns cleanly without leaving any residue.  The LPG (hydrocarbons) has higher calorific value than the other gaseous fuels containing H2/ CO. The calorific value is 7 times higher than coal gas and 3 times higher than natural gas.  LPG is characterized by high thermal efficiency and heating rate  Environmentally friendly fuel, with minimal sulphur content and lowest black carbon emission ADVANTAGES
 It is easy to manipulate.  Comparatively it is less of health hazard, even in case of leakage.  Needs little care for maintenance.  It is free from CO, so it is less hazardous. CONTI…..
 Due to its faint odour, leakage cannot be easily detected.  Handling must be done under high pressure.  LPG is suitable only for the engines working under high compression ratio. DISADVANTAGES
COOKING REFRIGERATION MOTOR FUEL RURAL HEATING AIRCRAFT INDUSRIAL APPLICATION. APPLICATION OF LPG
LPG CONVERTION KITS
USE: The LPG filler is the gas re fueling point LOCATION: Back end. The LPG filler is permanently mounted to the vehicle around the same location as the petrol filler or fixed to the lower part of the bumper. SAFETY: LPG fill connectors feature one-way safety valves to enable safe and convenient refueling. 1. LPG FILLER Rubber gas pipe from filler to the LPG tank
USE: LPG Storage LOCATION: Back end. There are two types of tanks Cylindrical or Donut type. The tank is fitted secured in the boot of the car. SAFETY: The tank is made of High quality steel, 34mm thickness, EC Approved, secured with bolts to the floor of the vehicle and steel straps. 2. LPG TANK
USE: Multi use. Limit the fuel entry to 80% into the tank, LPG level gauge, Deliver LPG to front end, Pressure release valve. LOCATION: Back end. Installed inside the LPG tank. SAFETY: • pressure relief valve (safety valve) and the pressure relief device (thermofuse) that in case of overpressure or fire allow the discharge of LPG from the tank, in order to avoid an explosion of the tank. • valve stops the abnormal excess outgoing flow of lpg • The multivalve is also provided with a shut-off solenoid valve that allows the lpg flow towards the engine . • The regulation prescribes that the lpg filling shall stop when the 80% of the volume is reached; this is obtained through a 80% device controlled by a float that is moving inside the tank. 3. MULTIVALVE Copper or Plastic gas pipe from LPG tank to filter
USE: LPG led tank level indicator, Petrol > Gas micro switch LOCATION: Inside the vehicle on dashboard 4. LPG DISPLAY
USE: The filter removes any dirt in the gas flowing into the front end system. LOCATION: Front end. Engine compartment 5. LPG FILTER
USE: Monitors reducer temperature, reducer pressure, injection rail gas pressure, manifold pressure, engine rpm, injection timing. Send signal to gas injectors. LOCATION: Front end. Engine compartment SAFETY: Switch off gas flow in case engine switches off abnormally. 6. LPG CONTROL MODULE Rubber gas pipe from filter to reducer
USE: Chamber that allow a reduction of pressure of the LPG and to convert liquefied LPG to a gas form. Deliver gas to the injectors rail. LOCATION: Front end. Engine compartment SAFETY: Electronic shut of valve 7. LPG REDUCER Rubber gas pipe from reducer to injection rail
USE: Follows signals from LPG Control Module to inject the correct amount of gas at the correct timing in the correct cylinder into the engine trough the injection nozzles. LOCATION: Front end. Engine compartment SAFETY: Continually monitors gas pressure in the rail. 8. LPG INJECTION RAIL Rubber gas pipe from injection rail to manifold injectors
USE: Inject gas into engine inlet manifold. LOCATION: Front end. Engine compartment. Screwed into engine inlet manifold. 9. LPG INJECTORS
10.CONNECTION CABLE Harness connection between LPG Control Module and LPG Injectors rail. Harness connection between LPG Control Module and Petrol Injectors
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
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