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Lighting intro -_day_9.ppt[1]

This document provides an introduction to lighting techniques for film. It discusses how lighting is used both on location to supplement existing light and in studios where all light must be provided. Common lighting tools like Fresnel spots, Kino Flos, and three-point lighting setups are described. The document also covers lighting techniques to establish mood and direct the viewer's eye, including key, fill, back, and under lighting. Terminology like color temperature, contrast ratio, and angle of shine are defined. The correct approach to lighting is said to involve logically recreating the light source and achieving a clear set of shadows.

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Introduction to Lighting & Techniques
Introduction  Films consist of pictures and sound.  The pictures come from cameras, but cameras need light to see.  All around us, there is plenty of light “accidentally”, from ambient daylight, room lights, etc.
Introduction  On location, it is the lighting team’s job to: 1. Use and supplement, or 2. Eliminate the “accidental” light  In the totally controlled studio environment, all light has to be provided for the cameras
Arri Fresnel 1Kw Spot Light  Provides light to a specific spot  Barn doors can be adjusted to: 1. Limit light 2. Reduce shadows 3. Overlap adjacent lights  Produces a lot of heat
Kino Flo  Soft, flood light  Provides light to a large area  Produces less heat  Fits into cramped areas
Redheads & Blondies
Three-point Lighting  Most commonly used setup  Building block  Key light  Fill light  Back light
Key Light  Brightest light  Most important  Reveal surface form  Principal shadow  One side of the camera
Fill Light  Less intensity  Diffuse (soften)  Opposite side  Reduce shadows by key light
Three-point Lighting Combination  Depth & Separation  3 Dimensional  Separate background from subject
Direction of Lighting  Front  Edge (side)  Back  Under
Frontal Lighting  From camera’s viewpoint  Reduces modeling and texture  Diminishes age wrinkles  Avoids shadows
Edge Lighting  Emphasizes texture and contours  Highlights objects
Back Lighting  Directly behind subject  Often from high position  Halo effect  Illuminate & separate outline
Under Lighting  Inverted facial modeling  Mysterious  Ghostly
Lighting Mood  Lighting helps to establish the mood of your story.  Changing the angle, intensity, and colour of your lights can dramatically alter the mood of a scene
Flat Lighting  Low contrast  Reveals all details  Little or no shadows  No background separation  Boring
Modeled Lighting  High contrast  Tonal graduation  Shadows formations  Three-dimensional illusion
Atmospheric Lighting  Mood lighting  Support the atmosphere or environment  Normally associated with darker images  Use of practical lights
Silhouette Lighting  Back lighting  Brighter background  No or little subject detail
Common Lighting Terminology  Ambient light The light already present in a scene, before any additional lights are added.  Incident light Light seen directly from a light source (sun, lamp, etc).  Reflected light Light seen after having bounced off a surface.
Common Lighting Terminology  Colour temperature A standard of measuring the characteristics of light, measured in degrees Kelvin.  Contrast ratio The difference in brightness between the brightest white and the darkest black within the image.  Key light The main light on the subject, providing most of the illumination and contrast.
The Correct Way of Lighting  There is never a correct or definite way.  There is always scope for interpretation and trail & error in lighting.
The Correct Way of Lighting  The best way is to ask these 2 questions: 1. How do I light the scene logically and realistically? 2. Where is the light for the scene coming from?
Angle of Shine  The imagined source of light for a scene representing the sun shining downwards  What is your angle of shine in order to recreate the light from the sun?
Managing Shadows  In the natural world, objects often only cast one defined shadow  How do you light your shot to achieve one clear defined set of shadows?