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Lifestyle diseases and management

This document discusses lifestyle diseases and their management. It defines lifestyle diseases as health problems caused by unhealthy behaviors and certain risk factors. All lifestyle diseases reduce oxygen in the body and tissues. The main controllable risk factors include poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The main uncontrollable risk factors are age, genetics, gender, and race. Common lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, depression, and musculoskeletal disorders. The document provides information on prevention and management of these conditions through healthier lifestyle choices.

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SURG LT CDR SOORAJ S LIFESTYLE DISEASES & MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS A LIFESTYLE DISEASE ??? • Health problems that react to changes in lifestyle • Diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviours and partly by other factors
ALL LIFESTYLE DISEASES HAVE ONE COMMON PROPERTY • They make breathing heavier and body O2 low • Cell hypoxia is the driving force of lifestyle diseases
WHAT CAUSES LIFESTYLE DISEASES?? • Controllable factors Certain habits, behaviours, and practices such as poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol intake • Uncontrollable factors Factors that we cannot control such as age, gender, race and heredity
CONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS • Diet and bodyweight • Daily levels of physical activity • Amount of sun exposure • Smoking and alcohol abuse
UNCONTROLLABLE RISK FACTORS • Age • Race • Gender • Heredity
IMPROPER LIFESTYLE?? • Over eating • Excessive consumption of fats • Smoking • Drinking • Chewing tobacco • Sedentary life style • Lack of exercise
TYPES OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES • Cardiovascular diseases • Stroke and Hypertensive disorder • Diabetes Mellitus • Cancer • Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease • Depression • Musculoskeletal disorder
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
CHOLESTEROL
ATHEROSCLEROSIS • Deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels
WHAT CAN BE DONE??? • Have the victim sit down and rest, and attempt to keep calm. Loosen any tight clothing. • If the victim has a known heart condition, ask if he has had chest pain medication. • Assist the victim in taking the medication (usually nitroglycerin, which is placed under the tongue). • If the pain does not subside promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical assistance. • If victim collapses without pulse or breathing then CPR.
STROKE & HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE??? • When your heart pumps, it forces blood through your vessels. • This force is called blood pressure. • If it is an atherosclerotic vessel it creates more pressure. This increased pressure damages small blood vessels in brain, kidney and eyes.
BRAIN STEM - FUNCTION
CEREBELLUM - FUNCTION
STROKE
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES & STROKE • Trim your fat intake, eat healthy • Cut down on salt • Keep your weight healthy • Don’t smoke • Don’t take alcohol • Do exercise • Monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol • Relax & cut down on stress • If you are hypertensive or diabetic then don’t skip your medications
DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES • Disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood resulting in high blood glucose levels • Insulin • Type 1 or Juvenile Diabetes • Type 2 or Maturity onset Diabetes (most common)
PREVENTION OF DIABETES • Maintaining a healthy weight • Avoiding smoking • Reduction of Stress • Avoiding Sedentary life • Avoid Junk foods • Exercise - reduces insulin resistance
CANCER
UNCONTROLLABLE GROWTH OF ABNORMAL CELLS
RISK FACTORS • Tobacco use/ Smoking • Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Dietary Factors • Radiation • Alcohol Intake
CAUTION C – Change in bowel habits A – A sore that does not heal U – Unusual bleeding or discharge T – Thickening or a lump I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O – Obvious change in a wart or mole N – Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice
PREVENTION OF CANCER • Don’t’ smoke! • Avoid alcohol • Wear sunscreen & stay away from tanning beds • Eat your veggies and cut the fat • Eat moderate protein • Stay active • Get regular medical check-ups
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) • Symptoms - shortness of breath, cough and sputum production • Tobacco smoking - most common cause of COPD • Other factors - air pollution, genetics • Prolonged exposure to dusts, chemicals and fumes increase the risk of COPD in both smokers and nonsmokers
PREVENTION OF COPD • Quit Smoking • Have Healthy Diet • Do Breathing exercise • Avoid exposure to fumes & dust • Improve both indoor & outdoor air quality
DEPRESSION
DEPRESSION • State of low mood and aversion to activity • Affects thoughts, behaviour, feelings and sense of wellbeing
DEPRESSION • Life events and life style that may precipitate depressed mood • Childbirth • Menopause • Financial difficulties • Job problems, Chronic diseases • Loss of a loved one • Relationship troubles…
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION Healthy Eating: • Cut out junk food • Avoid foods high in refined sugar and saturated fats • Complex carbohydrates help to stimulate the feel good neurotransmitter serotonin
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION Exercise: • Increases production of natural antidepressants • Reduces stress, improves mood, boosts self- esteem, and provides restful sleep Weight loss: • Improves your self-esteem and overall health
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION Meditation: • Practice of engaging in a mental exercise—such as deep breathing • Meditation can help relieve anxiety Sleep: • Having a calming bedtime routine helps you wind down and feel fresh the next morning
PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION Relationship: • Spending time with positive, supportive, and loving people can help you through Avoid sedentary lifestyle: • Leads to depression • Stay active , do your hobbies, read books, take active part in social activity
WALK...
MINIMUM RECOMMENDATION FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY WHO • CHILDREN & YOUNG PEOPLE - Moderate intensity activity for at least 60 mints per day • Adults - At least 30 mints of exercise most if not all days. Should include flexibility, muscle strength & endurance exercise twice a week. • 60 to 90 mints to improve when already in poor health or to lose weight • Moderate exercise is Brisk walking, swimming, cycling, gardening with moderate effort
ANY QUESTIONS???