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introduction to community health nursing

This document provides an introduction to community health nursing. It discusses that community health nursing focuses on improving the health of populations rather than just individuals. It involves using nursing processes and collaborating with other disciplines to promote health. Key tenets include comprehensive assessment, policy development, primary prevention, and creating conditions for health. Standards of care and performance are also outlined, including assessment, planning, evaluation, quality of care, and research. Attributes of community health nursing involve population consciousness, health orientation, autonomy, creativity, continuity, collaboration and variability. Roles include providing direct care, education, coordination, and addressing issues at a population level.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Population-focused Nursing “Community” or “public” health nursing is population based. Care may be given to individuals and families, but its purpose is the improvement of the health of the population as whole.
Community Health Nursing A synthesis of nursing knowledge and practice and the science and practice of public health, implemented via systematic use of the nursing process and other processes, designed to promote health and prevent illness in population groups.
Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 1 Systematic and comprehensive population- based assessment, policy development, and assurance. Partnering with representatives of the people. Priority for primary prevention. Intervention to create conditions for health.
Tenets of Community Health Nursing - 2 Active outreach Concern for the population as a whole Resource allocation supports maximum gain for the population. Interdisciplinary collaboration Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).
Community Health Nursing Standards of Care - 1 Standard I. Assessment Standard II. Diagnosis Standard III. Outcomes identification Standard IV. Planning Standard V. Assurance Standard VI. Evaluation Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).
Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 1 Standard I. Quality of care Standard II. Performance appraisal Standard III. Education Standard IV. Collegiality
Community Health Nursing Standards of Performance - 2 Standard V. Ethics Standard VI. Collaboration Standard VII. Research Standard VIII. Resource utilization Source: Quad Council of Public Health Organizations. (1999).
Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 1 Population consciousness Health orientation Autonomy Creativity
Attributes of Community Health Nursing - 2 Continuity Collaboration Intimacy Variability
Population Consciousness An awareness of how information about individual clients or families relates to the health status of the total population
Health Orientation An emphasis on health promotion and maintenance rather than the cure of disease or disability
Autonomy Independent judgment and action by the community health nurse Active client participation in health decision making
Creativity An ability to develop innovative solutions to community health problems using available resources
Continuity Long term relationships with clients Provision of care across time as old problems are solved and new ones occur Provision of care across multiple needs
Collaboration Interaction and joint decision making with multiple health-related and non- health-related disciplines to address the health needs of population groups
Intimacy Potential for developing awareness of intimate details of clients’ lives Potential for increased accuracy of nursing assessment
Variability In clients served In health problems addressed In settings for practice
Community Health Nursing Roles Client-oriented roles Delivery-oriented roles Population-oriented roles
Client-oriented Roles Caregiver Educator Counselor Referral resource Role model Advocate Primary care provider Case manager
Caregiver Uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing intervention to individuals, families, or population groups
Educator Facilitates learning for positive health behavior change
Counselor Teaches and assists clients in the use of the problem solving process
Figure 8–1 Problem Solving in Community Health Nursing
Referral Resource Links clients to services to meet identified health needs
Role Model Demonstrates desired health-related behaviors
Advocate Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for themselves
Primary Care Provider Provides essential health services to promote health, prevent illness, and deal with existing health problems
Case Manager Coordinates and directs the selection and use of health care services to meet client needs, maximize resource utilization, and minimize the expense of care
Delivery-oriented Roles Coordinator/Care manager Collaborator Liaison
Coordinator/Care Manager Organizes and integrates services to best meet client needs in the most efficient manner possible
Collaborator Engages in shared decision making regarding the nature of health problems and potential solutions to them
Liaison Provides and maintains connections and communication between clients and health care providers or among providers
Population-oriented Roles Case finder Leader Change agent Community developer Coalition builder Researcher
Case Finder Identifies clients with specific health problems or conditions Geared toward awareness of population-level problems
Leader Influences clients and others to take action regarding identified health problems
Change Agent Initiates and facilitates change in individual or client behaviors or conditions or those affecting population groups
Community Developer Mobilizes residents and other segments of the population to take action regarding identified community health problems or issues
Coalition Builder Promotes the development and maintenance of alliances of individuals or groups of people to address a specific health issue
Researcher Conducts studies to explain health- related phenomena and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to control them