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Uploaded bysheetal singh
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instruction cycle ppt

The document discusses the instruction cycle in a computer system. The instruction cycle retrieves program instructions from memory, decodes what actions they specify, and carries out those actions. It has four main steps: 1) fetching the next instruction from memory and storing it in the instruction register, 2) decoding the encoded instruction, 3) reading the effective address for direct or indirect memory instructions, and 4) executing the instruction by passing control signals to relevant components like the ALU to perform the specified actions. The instruction cycle is the basic operational process in which a computer executes instructions.

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Computer Architecture & Assembly Language SubmittedTo: Shweta Singh ma’am Submitted By: Sheetal Singh BCA 2nd year 1590409046
Instruction Cycle
INSTRUCTION CYCLE • A instruction cycle(sometimes called fetch decode cycle) • It is basic operational process of computer in which a computer retrieves a program instruction from its memory that determines what actions the instruction dictates and carries out those action FETCH INDIRECT EXECUTE INTERUPT
COMPONENT OF INSTRUCTION CYCLE • PROGRAM COUNTER (PC) • MEMORY ADDRESS REGISTER (MAR) • MEMORY DATA REGISTER (MDR) • INSTRUCTION REGISTER (IR) • CONTROL UNIT (CU) • ARITHEMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU)
Flow chart of instruction cycle
STEPS OF INSTRUCTION CYCLE •Fetch the Instruction:The next instruction is fetched from the memory address that is currently stored in the program counter (PC), and stored in the instruction register(IR). •Decode the Instruction: During this cycle the encoded instruction present in the IR (instruction register) is interpreted by the decoder..
•Read the Effective Address: Direct Memory Instruction - Nothing is being done in clock plus. Indirect Memory Instruction -The effective address is being read from the memory. •Execute the Instruction:The control unit of the CPU passes the decoded information as a sequence of control signals to the relevant function units of the CPU to perform the actions required by the instruction.
instruction cycle ppt