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Influenza ppt

This document provides information about influenza. It defines influenza as an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the orthomyxoviridae family that attacks the respiratory system. Seasonal influenza epidemics result in millions of cases, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations, and tens of thousands of deaths in the US each year, making influenza a leading cause of death from vaccine-preventable illness. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Risk groups include young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic illnesses. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, cough, and fatigue. Complications can include pneumonia. Treatment involves antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir.

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INFLUENZAINFLUENZA -BY S.SANDHOSHINI MEENA-BY S.SANDHOSHINI MEENA
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
INFLUENZAINFLUENZA DEFINITION:-DEFINITION:- • Influenza is an infectious diseases caused byInfluenza is an infectious diseases caused by RNA virusesRNA viruses of the familyof the family orthomyxoviridaeorthomyxoviridae (the influenza virus).(the influenza virus). • It attacks the respiratory system-the nose, throatIt attacks the respiratory system-the nose, throat and lungs.and lungs.
EPIDEMOLOGY:-EPIDEMOLOGY:- Influenza is a viral illness associated with highInfluenza is a viral illness associated with high mortality and high hospitalization rates among personsmortality and high hospitalization rates among persons younger than age 65 years.younger than age 65 years. Seasonal influenza epidemics result in 25 million to 50Seasonal influenza epidemics result in 25 million to 50 million influenza cases, approx. 2,00,000million influenza cases, approx. 2,00,000 hospitalizations, and more than 30,000 deaths each yearhospitalizations, and more than 30,000 deaths each year in the United States. Overall, more people die ofin the United States. Overall, more people die of influenza than of any other vaccine-preventable illness.influenza than of any other vaccine-preventable illness.
TRANSMISSON:-TRANSMISSON:- The route of influenza transmission is person-to-personThe route of influenza transmission is person-to-person via inhalation of respiratory droplets, which can occurvia inhalation of respiratory droplets, which can occur when an infected person coughs or sneezes.when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The incubation period for influenza ranges between 1The incubation period for influenza ranges between 1 and 7 days, with an average incubation of 2 days.and 7 days, with an average incubation of 2 days.
RISK FACTORS:-RISK FACTORS:- Age:Age: It tends to target young children (under 5 years) and OlderIt tends to target young children (under 5 years) and Older Adults (older than 65 years)Adults (older than 65 years) Weakened Immune System:Weakened Immune System: Cancer Treatments, Anti-rejectionCancer Treatments, Anti-rejection drugs, Corticosteroids and HIV/AIDS can weaken the immunedrugs, Corticosteroids and HIV/AIDS can weaken the immune system.system. Chronic Illnesses:Chronic Illnesses: Such as Asthma, Diabetes or Heart Problems.Such as Asthma, Diabetes or Heart Problems. Pregnancy:Pregnancy: Pregnant women are more likely to developPregnant women are more likely to develop influenza complications particularly in the second and thirdinfluenza complications particularly in the second and third trimesters.trimesters.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:-SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:- Fever over 100.4 F (38Fever over 100.4 F (38°C)°C) Aching muscles, especially in the back, arms and legsAching muscles, especially in the back, arms and legs Chills and SweatsChills and Sweats HeadacheHeadache Dry, persistent coughDry, persistent cough Fatigue and weaknessFatigue and weakness Nasal congestionNasal congestion Nausea and vomitingNausea and vomiting MalaiseMalaise Sore throatSore throat
TYPES:-TYPES:- Influenza virus AInfluenza virus A Influenza virus BInfluenza virus B Influenza virus CInfluenza virus C Influenza virus DInfluenza virus D
DIAGNOSIS:-DIAGNOSIS:- The goldern standard for diagnosis of influenza isThe goldern standard for diagnosis of influenza is viralviral culture.culture. Rapid antigenRapid antigen andand point-of-care tests, direct fluorescenepoint-of-care tests, direct fluorescene antibody test,antibody test, and theand the reverse transcription polymerasereverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assaychain reaction assay may be used for rapid detection of virus.may be used for rapid detection of virus. Chest radiographChest radiograph should be obtained if pneumonia isshould be obtained if pneumonia is suspected.suspected. Rapid tests have allowed for prompt diagnosis and initiation ofRapid tests have allowed for prompt diagnosis and initiation of antiviral therapy and decreased inappropriate use ofantiviral therapy and decreased inappropriate use of antibiotics.antibiotics.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:-PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:- Influenza virusInfluenza virus ↓↓ Enters the respiratory system from an infected individualEnters the respiratory system from an infected individual through respiratory dropletsthrough respiratory droplets ↓↓ The virus attaches to and replicates in columnar epithelialThe virus attaches to and replicates in columnar epithelial cellscells ↓↓ The virus replicates in cells of both upper and lowerThe virus replicates in cells of both upper and lower respiratory tractrespiratory tract ↓↓ The viral replication combines with the immune responseThe viral replication combines with the immune response (both humoral and cell mediated )to infection(both humoral and cell mediated )to infection
Leads to destruction and loss of cells lining of theLeads to destruction and loss of cells lining of the respiratory tractrespiratory tract ↓↓ Release of cytokinesRelease of cytokines ↓↓ Symptoms such as sore throat , runny nose, cough.Symptoms such as sore throat , runny nose, cough.
COMPLICATIONS:-COMPLICATIONS:- ► SinusitisSinusitis ► BronchitisBronchitis ► Primary viral pneumoniaPrimary viral pneumonia ► Secondary bacterial pneumoniaSecondary bacterial pneumonia ► Asthma flare-upsAsthma flare-ups ► Otitis mediaOtitis media ► EncephalopathyEncephalopathy ► Transverse myelitisTransverse myelitis ► MyositisMyositis ► MyocarditisMyocarditis ► PericarditisPericarditis ► Reye syndromeReye syndrome
TREATMENT:-TREATMENT:- ANTI-INFLUENZA DRUGS:-ANTI-INFLUENZA DRUGS:- ► AmantadineAmantadine ► RimantadineRimantadine ► OseltamivirOseltamivir ► ZanamivirZanamivir ► peramivirperamivir
The neuraminidase inhibitors are the only antiviral drugsThe neuraminidase inhibitors are the only antiviral drugs available for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza andavailable for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza and are oseltamivir and zanamivir.are oseltamivir and zanamivir. IV peramivir is another NA inhibitor underIV peramivir is another NA inhibitor under investigation for treatment of influenza.investigation for treatment of influenza. The adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) are noThe adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) are no longer recommended due to high resistance amonglonger recommended due to high resistance among influenza viruses. They prevent the release of infectiousinfluenza viruses. They prevent the release of infectious viral nucleic acids.viral nucleic acids.
DOSE:-DOSE:- Oseltamivir -75mg capsule twice daily for 5 daysOseltamivir -75mg capsule twice daily for 5 days Zanamivir – 2 inhalations twice daily for 5 daysZanamivir – 2 inhalations twice daily for 5 days Rimantadine -200mg/day for 7 daysRimantadine -200mg/day for 7 days Amantadine -200mg/day for 2 days.Amantadine -200mg/day for 2 days.