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Indexing, Impact Factor and Plagiarism.pptx

The document outlines essential guidelines for academic publishing, including types of journal articles such as original research, reviews, commentaries, and case studies. It emphasizes the importance of choosing legitimate journals, understanding indexing and impact factors, and maintaining academic integrity to avoid plagiarism. Best practices for research, writing, and citation are also discussed to enhance credibility and ensure originality in scholarly work.

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What to Publish  Know the types of journal articles.  Decide what you want to publish.  Determine whether your expectations meet the requirements for the desired article type.  Types of articles: 5 major types  Original Research  Short report/Brief research findings  Review  Comment/Expert opinion  Case study  Others (new protocol, editorial, conference report etc.)
Checklist: Expectations against article type  Original work based data  Data is unique, no manipulation  Raw data should be available upon request  Raw data must support statistical analysis done in manuscript  Data answers something new or validate any question-answer scientifically but not repetitive of something already done or scientifically proved  Review  Re-view: Understand what it mean to review  Review of previous works (mostly original) to propose an acceptable hypothesis  Paraphrasing multiple previous papers is not a review  Summarizing type review: this type of review may or may not contain any new hypothesis but it contains a vast summary of all research works done in that filed in the last 20-50 years
Checklist: Expectations against article type Comment/Opinion  Usually done by experts in that field  Or, you are reporting some underrated scientific/social/economic facts that affect greater scientific achievements  Should be backed by scientifically acceptable and available data/database/news.  Max 1.5 page  Case study  Based on small number of real time case addressing something new findings  Can be even one single case if it is something for the first time observed  Strong data must be presented to support the unique findings with very small sample population
Journal Selection  Predatory journal: Don’t follow the short-cut way to publish in predatory journal  Focus on following criteria  Peer-reviewed (Single blinded or double blinded)  Indexing  Aims and Scope  Impact factor (IF)
Abstracting and indexing • Abstracting:  Summary enlisted in database  enable users to determine whether or not they need to read the entire text • Indexing: Content of documents Contain subject terms and headings Also describing the content and main themes Ref: Taylor and francis librarian resources online
Indexing Indexing is the process of organizing and categorizing information for easy retrieval. In academia, indexing services play a crucial role in making research more accessible and discoverable. Popular indexing services: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.
Benefits of Indexing Increased visibility: Indexed papers are more likely to be found and cited by other researchers. Global reach: Researchers from all over the world can access indexed publications. Enhanced impact: Indexed papers contribute to the scholarly community and foster knowledge sharing.
• PubMed/MEDLINE • PubMed Central •Web of Science: Science Citation Index® (SCI) • Scopus • Current Contents®/Life Sciences • Biotechnology Citation Index® • Biological Abstracts • Academia Google Scholar CrossRef WorldCat J-Gate CNKI SCHOLAR Bielefeld Academic Search Engine(BASE) Academia Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and E-Journal Case Study: Below are the abstracting and indexing list of two journals on biological science. Among all important databases included in the list, here are concepts of few databases. Google Scholar: provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. Scopus: Elsevier's abstract and citation database Web of Science: provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings Crossref: Digital object identifier Registration Agency of the International DOI Foundation PubMed: The United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) database to search and retrieval of biomedical and life sciences literature Decide which journal should you consider to submit your manuscript focused on ‘biomedicine and biological science’ and which one has more chances of being a predatory journal?
Impact Factor o Considerations one must take into account when looking at a calculated IF for a journal.  First, the journal has to be indexed in order for the IF to be calculated.  Second, journals with larger readership exposure are far better.  Third, the narrower the subject field the better.  Fourth, formal review or reference articles do better.  Finally, organizations with self-referencing options also do better. Ref: doi10.1055/s-0030-1267079 In any given year, the two-year journal impact factor is the ratio between the number of citations received in that year for publications in that journal that were published in the two preceding years and the total number of "citable items" published in that journal during the two preceding years
Criticism of Impact Factor Biased towards certain disciplines: Journals with higher IF tend to be in certain fields. Focus on citation quantity: IF does not measure the actual impact on society or scientific advancement. Manipulation: Some journals may artificially boost their IF through self-citations or other means.
Alternative Metrics Altmetrics: Measures of research impact beyond traditional citations, such as social media mentions, downloads, and media coverage. h-index: Combines an author's productivity and citation impact. Eigenfactor Score: Evaluates journal influence based on citation patterns.
Indexing vs Impact factor  Indexing comes first.  Check if the journal is indexed in the central database of your field. (e.g. PubMed)  Do not focus too much on IF. Specialized journals in a specific field can also have low IF.  Target: Peer-reviewed, central database indexed with correctly aligned scope may or may not have high IF.
Academic Integrity • A commitment to good study practices and shared values which ensures that my work is a true expression of my own understanding and ideas, giving credit to others where their work contributes to mine. • Engaging in good academic practice. • Involves essential skills, such keeping track of where you find ideas and information and referencing these accurately in your work. • We are all committed to openness and honesty in our words and actions. • When we act with integrity, we receive the credit that we deserve for our work and others receive the credit for theirs.
Plagiarism  Plagiarism Latin word "plagiarius" meaning "kidnapper“  Presenting work or ideas from another source as your own, with or without consent of the original author, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. (Oxford University definition)  Considered as academic crime globally  Types of plagiarism: Copy-pasting, paraphrasing without citation, self-plagiarism, and mosaic plagiarism.
Is the presentation of someone else’s work as if it were your own, regardless of whether you do so intentionally or of how much acknowledged material you use. Work means any intellectual output, and can include text, data, images, sound or performances. Where you refer to, or use, information, ideas or any other content from somebody else’s work, the original source must be acknowledged through accurate citation and referencing. Use quotation marks to indicate exact quotations from the work of other authors.
Consequences of Plagiarism Academic repercussions: Failing grades, expulsion, academic probation. Legal consequences: Copyright infringement lawsuits, fines, and penalties. Damage to reputation: Loss of credibility and trust in the academic community.
Why Avoid Plagiarism? Upholding academic integrity: Honesty and ethical conduct are essential in research and academia. Building credibility: Properly citing sources enhances your credibility as a researcher and writer. Fostering originality: Plagiarism stifles creativity and original thinking.
How to avoid Plagiarism  Do literature review on your own and thoroughly  Take notes, think and correlate between different notes  Synthesize your summary from the notes  While synthesizing be careful that you are interpreting the information correctly not making something new  Do not copy from previous articles and paraphrase the lines to make something new  Based on your synthesized information, write by yourself with your own words  Cite source reference correctly  Try avoiding plagiarism in your everyday life such as presentations, reports and manuscripts.
Strategies to Avoid Plagiarism Citation Styles: Learn and adhere to appropriate citation styles such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or IEEE. Paraphrasing: Restate ideas in your own words while maintaining the original meaning and give proper credit. Quoting: Use direct quotes for verbatim text and enclose them in quotation marks. Source Management: Keep organized records of all sources used, including author names, publication dates, and page numbers. Plagiarism Detection Tools: Utilize software like Turnitin to check for unintentional similarities in your work.
Best Practices Start Early: Begin your research and writing well in advance to avoid rushing and unintentional plagiarism. Plan Your Citations: Identify sources you'll use before you start writing to ensure proper citation integration. Keep Track of Sources: Maintain a reference list or bibliography throughout your research process. Review and Edit: Proofread your work to ensure accurate citations and proper paraphrasing.
Self-Check and Peer Review Self-Check: Regularly assess your work for possible instances of plagiarism before submitting. Peer Review: Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors to catch any unintentional plagiarism.
Conclusion Plagiarism, indexing, and impact factor are significant aspects of academic publishing. Upholding academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism is crucial for maintaining credibility and trust. Utilizing indexing services and understanding impact factors can boost the visibility and reach of your research.