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Hydrocephalus_Presentation_30_Slides.pdf.pdf

Help you out in understanding hydrocephalus

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Community medicine
Hydrocephalus PRESENTED TO: Dr. IQRA WASEEM PRESENTED BY: Anisa Fatima Summiya Fatima Syeda Janeeta Zakiya Fatima Amna shakeel Shifa Shafiq
What is Hydrocephalus? Definition “Hydrocephalus is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain” hydro-, meaning "water", and ceph, meaning "head
•The fluid is often under increased pressure and can compress and damage the brain. •Some estimates report one to two of every 1,000 babies are born with hydrocephalus. •If skull is still pliable so it may enlarge.
Hydrocephalus
•Obstruction of CSF •Increased production of CSF •Decreased absorption of CSF Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
Inherited Causes These are present at birth and usually due to abnormal brain or spinal development: Myelodysplasia Atresia of Foramen of Monro (blockage of CSF channel) Neural Tube Defects Encephalocele Spina bifida Genetic Abnormalities Aqueductal Stenosis (narrowing of the brain canal) Dandy-Walker Complex (cyst and underdeveloped cerebellum) Other Brain and Spinal Malformations Acquired Causes These develop later due to injury, infection, or disease: Tumor Meningitis (brain infection) Other Infections Hemorrhage (bleeding inside brain) Arachnoid Cyst Posterior Fossa Cyst Traumatic Brain Injury Idiopathic (no known cause)
Types of Hydrocephalus •Non-obstructive, or communicating •Overproduction hydrocephalus •Obstructive, or non-communicating
•Hydrocephalus occurs when the CSF flows out of the chambers of the brain (ventricles) and into the spinal canal, but it is not reabsorbed normally by the tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord. •Sometimes this type of hydrocephalus corrects itself. Obstruction is normally at subarachnoid area Non-obstructive, or communicating
Causes of communicating hydrocephalus •Intraventricular haemorrhage •Meningitis and congenital absence of arachnoid villi. •Scarring and fibrosis of the subarachnoid space following infection •Traumatic head injury •Thickening of arachnoid
Hydrocephalus occurs when the CSF does not flow properly between or out of the brain ventricles because of an obstruction, such as from a malformation or narrowing Obstructive, or non-communicating
Causes of non communicating hydrocephalus •Foramen of Monro obstruction (channel between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.) •Narrowing of The aqueduct of Silvius (A thin canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles.) •Fourth ventricle obstruction •Foramen of Luschka and foramen of Magendie obstruction (These are exit points from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space)
•Rare cases •The brain tissue makes too much CSF and the body can't properly absorb or distribute the high amount of fluid. Overproduction hydrocephalus
Sign and symptoms Infants •Abnormal large head •Vomiting •Sleepiness •Irritability •An inability to look upwards •Seizures
Sign and symptoms older children and Adults •Headache •Nausea •Blurred Vision •Problems With Balance •Delayed Development •Facial Changes •Crossed Eyes
Complication of Hydrocephalus •Brain Damage •Seizures •Infection •Nerve Damage •Impaired Growth •Enlarged Head
Diagnostic Test for Hydrocephalus Ultrasound Used in infants to view ventricular size through fontanelle. MRI & CT Scan Detailed imaging of brain structure and fluid buildup. Neurological assessment and head circumference measurement. Physical Exam
•Ultrasound •CT-Scan •MRI •Lumbar Puncture •Intracranial Pressure Monitoring •Neuropsychology
Treatment Options: Cerebral Shunts ETV Innovative Approaches
Cerebral shunts Involves the placement of a ventricular catheter (a tube made of silastic), into the cerebral ventricles to bypass the flow obstruction/malfunctioning arachnoidal granulations and drain the excess fluid into other body cavities, from where it can be resorbed.
Drained to: •Peritonealcavity •Right atrium(VA) •Pleural cavity (VP) •Gallbladder
Endoscopic third ventriculoscopy(ETV) •Surgically created opening in the floor of the third ventricle allows the CSF to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction, as in aqueductal stenosis.
Living with Hydrocephalus: Support, Resources, and Long-Term Management Support Networks Patient groups, counseling, and advocacy organizations. Management Regular follow-ups and monitoring for shunt function. Lifestyle Healthy habits, awareness of symptom changes, and safety.
The Future of Hydrocephalus Treatment: Research and Emerging Therapies Advanced Imaging Stem Cell Therapy Potential for brain tissue repair and regeneration. Programmable Valves Allow non-invasive adjustments to shunt pressure.
Treatment Options 1.Medical Management Temporary measures: diuretics, acetazolamide 2.Surgical Treatments: Shunt Systems Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt
Physiotherapy Treatment Goals of Physiotherapy Improve mobility Enhance coordination Promote independence
Expanded Physiotherapy: Balance Training Techniques • Static and dynamic balance activities • Use of balance boards and physioballs • Assistive devices (walker, cane) • Parallel bar walking • Step pattern training • Core stability exercises • Posture correction routines • Functional mobility tasks
Community Guidelines Monitor and Manage Risk Factors: Early screening and regular monitoring of infections, head trauma, or congenital issues helps prevent complications and detect hydrocephalus before it worsens
Community Guidelines Community-based rehab, emotional support, and access to physiotherapy boost recovery, reduce disability, and improve quality of life after treatment Support Post-Hydrocephalus and Rehab:
Community Guidelines Promote awareness, remove physical and social barriers, and offer educational support to ensure kids and adults with hydrocephalus thrive without stigma Make an Inclusive Environment
Case Study: Infant with Congenital Hydrocephalus • Symptoms: Enlarged head, vomiting • Treatment: VP shunt • Outcome: Improved developmental milestones
Motivational Quote "BELIEVE YOU CAN AND YOU'RE HALFWAY THERE." – THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Hydrocephalus_Presentation_30_Slides.pdf.pdf