HALO ALKANES AND HALO ARENES ppt

HALO ALKANES AND HALO ARENES ppt

• 1.
  OBJECTIVES After studying thisunit, STUDENTS will be able to • Name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures; • Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo; • Correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions; • Use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism; • Appreciate the applications of organo-metallic compound; • Highlight the environmental effects of polyhalogen compounds. 1
• 2.
  OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTION,CLASSIFICATION, NOMENCLATURE 2. PHYSICALPROPERTIES OF HALO ALKANES & HALO ARENES 3. METHODS OF PREPARATION 4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 5. OPTICAL ISOMERISM 6. SN1 & SN2 REACTIONS 7. POLY HALOGEN COMPOUNDS 2
• 3.
  What is meaningof haloalkane? Organic compounds formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atom/s by halogen atom/s. from Hydrocarbon Ex: chloromethane, Dichloromethane etc. 3
• 4.
  Examples for haloalkanes 4
• 5.
  What is meaningof haloarene? If one or more hydrogen is displaced by halogen atom/s in aromatic ring , product is called as Haloarenes 5
• 6.
  Importance of Halogen derivative. HaloderivativeOrganic compounds have many importance for Mankind: 1.As solvents for non-polar compounds.
• 7.
  2.Chloramphenicol (medicine) to treattyphoid fever. 7
• 8.
  3.Chloroquine (medicine) used to treatmalaria. 4. Some fluorinated compounds are being developed as blood substitute in surgery. 8
• 9.
  5.Halothane is usedas anaesthatic during surgery. 9
• 10.
  6.THYROXINE is usedin the treatment of Goitre disease 10
• 11.
  7. As startingmaterials for synthesis of many compounds. 11
• 12.
  12
• 13.
  Based on Number of Halogenatoms Monohalogen Dihalogen Polyhalogen Based on the hybridisation of C−atom of C−X bond of monohalocompounds Compounds containing sp3 C−X bond (X = F, Cl, Br, I). Compounds containing sp2 C−X bond Classification of Haloderivatives 13
• 14.
  Monohalo derivatives 14
• 15.
  Dihalo derivatives 15
• 16.
  Dihalo derivatives 16
• 17.
  Trihalo derivatives 17
• 18.
  Compounds containing sp3C−X bond (X = F, Cl, Br, I). 18
• 19.
  19
• 20.
  20
• 21.
  21
• 22.
  Allylic halides 22
• 23.
  Benzylic halides 23
• 24.
  Compounds containing sp2 C−Xbond (X = F, Cl, Br, I). 24
• 25.
  Vinylic halides Halogen atomis bonded to a sp2 hybridised carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C = C). 28 June 2020 2525 NVS HYD RO
• 26.
  Aryl halides Halogen atomis directly bonded to the sp2 hybridised carbon atom of an aromatic ring. 2626
• 27.
  28 June 20202727 NVS HYD RO
• 28.
  PREFIXES • F Floro •Cl Chloro • Br Bromo • I Iodo WORD ROOT • 1C meth • 2C eth • 3C Prop PRIMARY SUFIXES • ane • ene • yne ORDER OF NAMING HALOGEN COMPOUNDS 2828
• 29.
  prop 1 2 3 1-Bromo + +ane 1-Bromopropane 2929
• 30.
  Example-2 30
• 31.
  31 Example-3 Br Cl Cl
• 32.
  32 Solution Name the following: bromocyclopentane 1,3-dichlorocyclohexane Br Cl Cl
• 33.
  Q-2 33
• 34.
  ANSWERS 28 June 202034
• 35.
  Q-3 35
• 36.
  28 June 202036
• 37.
  Q-4 37
• 38.
  28 June 202038
• 39.
  Q-5 39
• 40.
  ANSWERS 28 June 202040
• 41.
  Q-6 41
• 42.
  ANSWERS 28 June 202042
• 43.
  WRITE IUPAC ANDCOMMON NAMES OF FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS 28 June 2020 43
• 44.
  WRITE IUPAC ANDCOMMON NAMES OF FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS 28 June 2020 44
• 45.
  Nature of C-Xbond Now THINK why of the following: 1. The C-X bond in haloalkanes is polar in nature. 2. C-X bond length increases as C-F< C-Cl < C-Br <C-I. 3. C-F bond is less reactive as compared to C-I bond. 4. Order of Dipole moment is CH3-Cl > CH3-F> CH3Br >CH3I 5. The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride. 45
• 46.
  DIPOLE MOMENT OF HALOALKANES 28June 2020 46
• 47.
  28 June 202047
• 48.
  48
• 49.
  PHYSICAL STATE 49
• 50.
  50
• 51.
  51
• 52.
  BOILING POINT 52
• 53.
  BOILING POINT 53
• 54.
  BOILING POINT 54
• 55.
  28 June 202055 Why do haloalkanes have higher boiling points as compared to their corresponding alkanes?
• 56.
  DENSITY 56
• 57.
  DENSITY 57
• 58.
  PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Whichisomer of C5H11Cl has the highest boiling point and which has the lowest boiling point? Explain your answer. 2. Arrange the following in the order of increasing density: (i) CHCl3,CH2Cl2, CCl4,CH3Cl (ii) C2H5Cl, C2H5I,C2H5Br 58
• 59.
  METHODS OF PREPARATIONOF ALKYL HALIDES 1. FROM ALKANE 2. FROM ALKENE 3. FROM ALCOHOL 4. BY HALOGEN EXCHANGE METHOD 59
• 60.
  1.FROM ALKANE 60
• 61.
  2.FROM ALKENE 61
• 62.
  62
• 63.
  63
• 64.
  64
• 65.
  FROM ALCOHOL 65
• 66.
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yPjkR LcauI 28 June2020 NVS HYD RO 66
• 67.
  3. FROM ALCOHOL 67 Preparationof iodo and bromo derivative, reactivity of halogen acid and alcohol.
• 68.
  68
• 69.
  69
• 70.
  70
• 71.
  FROM ALCOHOL 71
• 72.
  72 Darzen’s Procedure
• 73.
  Can phenols beconverted to aryl halides by Darzen’s method? 28 June 2020 73
• 74.
  4. BY HALIDEEXCHANGE 74
• 75.
  75 AgF, Hg2F2, CoF3or SbF3 can be used. 2 or more H atoms on same c-atom.
• 76.
  76
• 77.
  28 June 2020NVS HYD RO 77 With Iodine it is called Simonini Reaction and we get ester.
• 78.
  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 78
• 79.
  1.Nucleophilic substitution reactions 79
• 80.
  Order of reactivity 80
• 81.
  81
• 82.
  82
• 83.
  Williamsons synthesis 83
• 84.
  84
• 85.
  85 If we havealkyl halide in excess, all hydrogens of NH2 gets replaced by alkyl group. This reaction is called Hoffmann’s ammonolysis.
• 86.
  86 The nucleophiles thatcan attack through two different sites are known as ambident nucleophiles.
• 87.
  87
• 88.
  Elimination Reactions 88
• 89.
  89
• 90.
  90
• 91.
  SAYTZEFF’S RULE "In dehydrohalogenationreactions, the preferred product is that alkene which has the greater number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms." 28 June 2020 91
• 92.
  PHENYL CARBOCATION 28 June2020 92
• 93.
  Reaction with Mgmetal 93
• 94.
  WURTZ REACTION 94
• 95.
  Stereochemistry-II Optical Isomerism 95
• 96.
  Constitutional Differ in bondconnectivity Stereoisomers Differ in three dimensional arrangement Isomers Same molecular formula 96 OR STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
• 97.
  Configurational Differ in groupsor atoms Conformational Due to free rotation Stereoisomers Differ in three dimentsional arrangement 97 Temporarily different shapes of same molecule Geometric isomers
• 98.
  Ring Compounds Nitrogen-nitrogen doublebond Carbon- nitrogen double bond Carbon- carbon double bond Geometrical Due to restricted rotation Optical Due to Chirality Configurational Differ in groups or atoms 98 Is geometrical isomerism possible in alkynes?
• 99.
  Optical Isomerism Existence oftwo or more isomers of a substance that differ in their optical activity Optical activity : the property of a molecule to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. 99
• 100.
  100