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Hair examination

The document discusses hair examination to answer key questions: 1) Is the material hair or fiber? 2) Is the hair human or animal? Differences include cortex/medulla thickness. 3) For human hair - can it be identified to an individual? Macro/microscopic analysis examines features, attached materials like blood/semen, and DNA fingerprinting is most accurate.

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Hair Examination On examination of hairs, there are some questions must be answered. I- Is the detected material hair, or fiber? II- If hair, is it human or animal? III- If human, – Is it related to a certain person? – Source of the hair? – The manner by which the hair has been separated from the body? – Tip examination? – What is the race of the person from whom the hair was separated?
I- Is it a hair or fiber? Complete hair consists of: – Root – Shaft – Distal end or tip.
II- Is it human or not?
Human hair Animal hair Cortex Broad and Thin when may form the compared to whole medulla thickness of the hair Medulla Very narrow Broad when compared to cortex Precipitin Specific for Specific for test: human animal
III- If human Is the hair related to a certain person? Macroscopic examination: Form Physical features: colour, dyeing & bleaching or artificial waving.
III- If human Is the hair related to a certain person? Microscopic examination : Shape Size Color. Any adherent materials: Blood Semen Dust Nasal secretions.
III- If human Is the hair related to a certain person? Sexing of hair : Examined microscopically for the present of Barr bodies) or Y chromatin in the root cells of hairs.
III- If human Is the hair related to a certain person? DNA finger printing the most recent and accurate method: Examination of DNA, which find in the root cells of hairs
III- If human (A) Is the hair related to a certain person? (B) From what part of the body it originates? (C) The manner by which the hair has been separated from the body? (D) Tip examination? (E) What is the race of the person from whom the hair was separated?
Cotton: Flattened, twisted, tape like band, which may be spiral in form.
Silk Translucent regular cylinders No surface markings Margins are clear Refracting light Cellular structures Longitudinal striations
Linen: It is bamboo like, segmented, it may be swollen at the joints of segments with projections.
Wool: Animal hair Surface is covered with imbrications like structures and its margin is serrated.
Jute: No smooth longitudinal or transverse marking Large air cavities Iodine in sulphuric acid to stain jute brown.
In identification Personal identification (through DNA printing) Sex
In criminal cases Hair found in the hand of a killed person Hair may be found sticking to suspected instruments In rape, pubic hair may be transferred from the assailant to the victim and vice versa.
In motor car accidents Victim’s hair may be found upon the vehicle involved in the accident.
In scalp injuries It helps to differentiate between incised and lacerated wound by microscopical examination.
In burns Hair examination helps to differentiate between dry heat (singed, coma shaped hair with clubbing), scalds (wetted hairs) and corrosive (wetted and eaten up hair).
In firearm injuries In near firearm injuries, an inlet in hairy area is identified by burning of hair.
In Toxicology Metals are deposited in the root of hair and extend in the shaft as administration continues. Drugs of abuse Drugs of sports
In disputed paternity DNA finger printing could be of help.
In case of violence Examination of hair root gives idea about whether a hair was pulled out by force (healthy root with ruptured sheath) or fell by itself (degenerated root).
Time passed since hair has been cut Examination of hair tip gives data about time passed since hair has been cut (acute angles when recently cut, rounded angles after a few days, and tapering end after 2 weeks).