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Good governance ppt

This document discusses retailing and wholesaling. It defines retailing as selling goods directly to consumers, and a retailer as a business that primarily generates sales through retailing. There are two types of retailing: store retailing like supermarkets and department stores, and non-store retailing like online sales. Retailers are also classified based on their level of customer service, product line, relative prices, and organizational approach. The document then discusses retailers' marketing decisions around target markets, positioning, product assortment, prices, promotion, and place. It concludes by discussing trends in retailing like the growth of non-store formats and the challenges wholesalers face moving into the 21st century.

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Good governance & Social Responsibility: Understanding Retailing and wholesaling BY: GROUP 4 PROFESSOR: HOLDEN ALCARAZEN
What is Retailing & Retailer? RETAILING  All activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for their personal, non-business use. RETAILER  is a business whole sales come primarily from retailing.
2 TYPES OF RETAILING: STORE RETAILING Supermarkets, Department Stores, Restaurants..
NON-STORE RETAILING: via Internet, door-to-door sales, vending machines, mail-order business.
CLASSIFICATIONS:  1. AMOUNT OF SERVICE SERVICE LEVEL CUSTOMER SERVICE PRICE EFFECT TYPE OF GOODS SELF-SERVICE RETAILERS “locate-compare- select” LOWER (DISCOUNTS) CONVENIENCE AND BRANDED SHOPPING GOODS LIMITED-SERVICE RETAILERS SALES ASSISTANCE AND INFORMATION HIGHER (INCREASED OPERATING COSTS) SHOPPING GOODS FULL-SERVICE RETAILERS FULL ASSISTANCE HIGHER (HIGHER OPERATING COSTS) SPECIALTY GOODS
2. PRODUCT LINE SOLD  SPECIALTY STORE Carries a narrow product line with a deep assortment within that line.
DEPARTMENT STORE Carries a wide variety of product lines-typically clothing, home furnishing, and household goods; each line is operated as a separate department.
SUPERMARKETS Large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self-service store that carries a wide variety of food, laundry, and household products.
CONVENIENCE STORE Small, located near a residential area, that is open long hours days a week and carries limited line of high-turnover convenience goods.
3. RELATIVE PRICES  DISCOUNT STORE A retail institution that sells standard merchandize at lower prices by accepting lower margins and selling at higher volumes.  OFF-PRICE RETAILER Buys at less-than-regular wholesale prices and sells at less than a retail examples ae factory outlets, independent and warehouse clubs.
4. ORGANIZATIONAL APPROACH  CHAIN STORES Two or more outlets that are owned and controlled in common have centrals buying and merchandizing, and sells similar lines of merchandise.
 FRANCHISE A contractual association between a manufacturer, wholesale, or service organization (a franchiser) and independent business people (franchises) who buy right to own and operate one o more franchise.
RETAILER MARKETING DECISIONS RETAILER STRATEGY RETAILER MARKETING MIX TARGET MARKET RETAIL STORE POSITIONING PRODUCT AND SERVICE ASSORTMENT PRICES PROMOTION PLACE (LOCATION)
PRODUCT ASSORTMENT AND SERVICES DECIOSIONS  3 MAJOR PRODUCT VARIABLES 1. Product Assortment 2. Service Mix 3. Store Atmosphere
TARGET MARKET AND POSITIONING DECISION  Retailers first must define the markets and then decide how will position themselves in these markets
PRODUCT ASSORTMENT AND SERVICES DECISION  The retailer’s product assortment should differentiate the retailer while matching target expectations.  The service mix can also help set one retailer apart from another.  The store must plan an atmosphere that suits the target market and moves customer to buy.
 Price decision : Price decision A retail’s price policy must fit its target market and positioning, product and service assortment, and competition.  Promotion decision : Promotion decision Retailers use any or all of the promotion tools-advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and direct marketing to reach consumers.  Place Decision : Place Decision Retailers often point three critical factors in retailing success: location, location, location
FUTURE OF RETAILING  Retailers operate in a harsh and fast changing environment, which offers threats as well as opportunities.  Growth of non-store retailing.  Retail convergence  Rise of Megaretailers
WHOLESALING  Wholesaling All activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying for resale or business use.  Wholesaler A firm engaged primarily in wholesaling activity.  Merchant wholesaler Independently owned business that take title in the merchandise it handles.
FUNCTIONS OF WHOLESALING  Selling and promotion  Buying and assortment building  Bulk-breaking  Warehousing  Transportation  Financing  Risk bearing  Market information  Management Services and advices
TYPES OF WHOLESALER  Full-service wholesaler  Wholesale merchants  Industrial distributors  Limited-service wholesalers  Cash-and-carry wholesalers  Truck wholesalers (or truck jobbers)  Drop shippers  Rack jobbers  Producers’ cooperatives  Mail-order wholesalers  Brokers and agents  Brokers  Agents  Manufacturers’ agents  Selling agents  Purchasing agents  Commission merchants  Manufacturers’ and retailers’ branches and offices
WHOLESALER MARKETING DECISIONS WHOLESALER STRATEGY WHOLESALER MARKETING MIX TARGET MARKET SERVICE POSITIONING PRODUCT AND SERVICE ASSORTMENT PRICES PROMOTION PLACE (LOCATION)
TRENDS IN WHOLESALING  AS THE WHOLESALING INDUSTRY MOVES INTO THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, IT FACES CONSIDERABLE CHALLENGES.