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Md. Ahsan Habib Nayan, profile picture
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Git and GitHub

This document provides an overview of Git and GitHub. It describes key Git concepts and commands like commit, push, pull, clone, fetch, merge, diff, branching, and .gitignore. It also provides step-by-step instructions for initializing a Git repository, making configurations, adding and committing files, checking out different versions, comparing changes, removing files, pushing changes to remote repositories, cloning repositories, fetching updates, creating and merging branches, and deleting branches. The goal is to explain both the theory and practical usage of version control with Git and GitHub.

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Git & GitHub Md. Ahsan Habib Email: habib@cse.green.edu.bd Cell: 01515626136
Outcomes • Commit • Push • Pull • Clone • Fetch • Merge • Diff • Branching • Git GUI • Fork • .gitignore
Theory
Git - Version Control System  Version control is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later. Design 1 Design 2
Branch Master Branch Branch 1
Branch Contd.. Branch 2
Branch Contd..
Repository
Repository Contd..
Repository Contd..
Practical
Initialization  Create a folder in any directory. For example, I created a folder named “Coffee” in my desktop.  Then open Git Bash here.  Then type “git init” for initialization.  Now you can see “.git” folder in you “Coffee” directory.
Configuration  To set username globally: git config --global user.name “nayan”  To set email globally: git config --global user.email “habib@cse.green.edu.bd”  To set username and email locally: git config user.name “nayan” git config user.email “habib@cse.green.edu.bd”  Now type “git config --list” to show your configuration.
Commands  To clear your screen just type: clear  Let’s create two files in “Coffee” dir.  cold.txt  hot.txt  Now type: git status
Commands  Let’s use add command: git add cold.txt  Now type: git status
Commands  Add all files using single command: git add --all or git add .  Now type: git status
Commit
Commit  Staging area to Local repo: git commit –m “Added two files”  Now type: git status  Let’s commit again:  First create a file “chocolate.txt” in “Coffee”.  Now add this file.  Then commit.
Commit  To show our commit: git log  Another way [Simple]: git log --oneline
Commit  Let’s write something in cold.txt file.  Now type: git status  Let’s commit again:  Add the changed file [cold.txt].  Then commit.  Now use git log command to show commits.
Checkout
Checkout  Let’s we need to go back our previous version of cold.txt.  Can we do that?  Yes, It’s simple. Just use checkout command.  To do this.  First log the commits.  Then use checkout using commit id.  You can see that you cold.txt file got empty again.  Note: we are not in master branch now.
Checkout  Let’s use git log again. You can see there are only two commits exist.  Can you switch one of the commit-ids ?  Have a try   Let’s back to our master branch.
Diff
Diff  Let’s compare two files. We have to use git diff command.  To do this.  First add some text in chocolate.txt.  You can use git status to show if chocolate.txt changes or not.  Then use git diff comman.  You can see the changes.  Note: git diff always works between latest changes.
Diff  To show changes at a particular commit you can use git show with commit-id.
Diff  We haven’t add the updated chocolate.txt file yet. Just add this file. Then commit it.  Now we again added some text in chocolate.txt file. Then add and commit it.  Using git log you can see like this.  Now we want to show differences between two chocolate.txt files [previous and current].  To do use use git diff with two commit-ids. git diff id1 id2
Diff  What if we want to see the differences in the staged section ie. Afer adding and before commit.  Use: git diff --staged  To do this:  Update chocolate.txt again. Use git diff to show changes.  Now use git add command. If you want to show changes now and use git diff command it shows nothing.  To show changes use: Git diff --staged
Remove
Remove file  How can we delete a file?  If you delete from “Coffee” directory then it is removed from current stage [not all commits].  What if we want to delete permanently ie. delete a file from all commits ?  We have to use: git rm file_name  It deletes the file from all commits.  If we run git status then we can see that the hot.txt file is in staged section. If we want to delete from staged section then we have to use: git reset HEAD hot.txt. Now again run git status command to see the chages.
Let’s Store/Push the files into Remote Repository!!
Full System Pictorial View
Push  How can we push the files into Remote Repo?  To do this:  We need to have a github account.  Now let’s create a Repository.  Then follow some steps.  Copy the remote repo link and run in the Bash Terminal.  Use push command.  Now refresh your repo.  Let’s see graphically.
Push  First, create a repository.  Then copy the link (remote repo) and run.  Now run push command. git push origin master or git push –u origin master
Repository  We can see here all commits we have done.  And we can go back any stage of those commits.
Download/Clone from Remote Repository!!
Clone  How can we download/clone the projects into Remote Repo?  To do this:  We can download as a zip or  We can clone the repo.
Clone  To clone the repository copy the project link and run the command: git clone repo_link  The folder named with the repository name.  If you want to assign a different name use: git clone repo_link new_name
Fetch
Fetch  First, let’s change cold.txt file (add a line into cold.txt) and make a commit (from remote repo).  To fetch the repository we use: git fetch
Fetch  Now run git status to see the commit.  Now let’s check the cold.txt file. Can you see any update ?  No. Our machine only know that something changes. And they suggest us to use git pull command.!!  Now use: git pull. Now check the cold.txt file.
Branch
Branch  To create a branch we use: git branch branch_name  To check how many branch we have: git branch  * Sign represent the current branch.
Branch  To switch a branch we use: git checkout branch_name  We can create and switch at a time to the branch using: git checkout -b branch_name
Branch  Now we are in “new1_branch”. Anything changes in the Coffee repository, the changes will be happen in the new1_branch not affects other branches(master, new_branch).  Let’s create a file in the current branch (new1_branch) and use git add and commit command.  If you switch to master branch, you can see the changes in the Coffee repo.
Merge
Merge  If you want to merge/add all the changes in the master branch. You can run: git merge new1_branch  By running this you can see the changes happen to the master branch.
Delete a Branch  If you want to delete a branch. You can run: git branch -d branch_name
GitIgnore
Git Ignore  If you want some files do not need to be commit or add we can make a list of them into “.gitignore” file.  Let’s first create a file which should be ignored (ex: no_need.txt).  Now we need to create “.gitignore” file and write no_need.txt inside it. Now run git status, you can see that the no_need.txt file not be tracked.