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Food helps in mental and physical growth of
all human beings during developmental
stages & throughout the life.
Three parameters which are of utmost importance
and are major issues in undermining nutrition and
health of people are:
a. Food Security
b. Food Quality
c. Food Safety
Production &
distribution
Food diversity
Germ free
Balance diet
the state of having reliable
access to a sufficient quantity of affordable,
nutritious food.
the quality characteristics of
food that is acceptable to consumers.
the food processing to reduce the
risk individuals becoming sick from food borne
illnesses.
➢Annually 2.2 million people die because of
food and water borne diseases (WHO).
➢Hazard of food safety and incidence of
food borne disease are increasing day by
day.
➢ Food safety and incidence of food borne
are important public health concern of
present time.
Chemical Hazard - Pesticides residues,
insecticides, antibiotics etc.
Physical Hazard - Stones, dusts, pebbles etc.
Biological/ Microbiological Hazard – Bacteria,
fungi, virus etc.
Machines:
Improper design, installation,
maintenance
Method :
Wrong processing, handling, storage
& transportation
Material:
Poor quality raw material, additives,
adulterants
Man Not maintaining hygiene
Manufacturing
environment
Unhygienic, poor waste management
Most food and food products help in microbial growth
providing a excellent environment (suitable pH, sugar and
salt content of the food, moisture content, temperature etc.)
for spoilage and degradation. .
Microorganisms such as molds, yeasts, and bacteria can
affect the quality of the food through rapid multiplication.
➢Protozoa
➢Helminthes
Acinetobacter,
Aeromonas,
Escherichia,
Proteus,
Alcaligenes,
Flavobacterium,
Pseudomonas,
Arcobacter,
Lactococcus,
Serratia,
Campylobacter,
Shigella,
Citrobacter,
Listeria,
Staphylococcus,
Micrococcus,
Salmonella,
Corynebacterium,
Vibrio Enterobacter,
Paenibacillus,
Weissella,
Enterococcus,
Yersinia
Alternaria
Aspergillus
Botrytis
Cladosporium
Fusarium
Geotrichum
Monilia
Manoscus
Mycotoxins are poisonous substances produced by certain molds/fungi found
primarily in grain and nut crops. Aflatoxin is a cancer-causing poison produced
by certain fungi.
Mortierella
Mucor
Neurospora
Oidium,
Oosproa
Penicillium
Rhizopus
Thamnidium
Norovirus (commonest virus responsible for food borne illness, causes
gastroenteritis and characterised by diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal
pain)
Hepatitis A and E (which cause inflammation of the liver)
Rotavirus (particularly associated with gastroenteritis in children)
Contamination of food through,
➢Infected food handlers (poor hygienie),animal waste, human sewage
or sewage-polluted water.
➢Consumption of products of animal origin contaminated with viruses
(e.g. meat, fish etc.).
➢ Hygiene maintenance.
➢ Addition of chemicals, radiation etc.
➢ Thermal treatment & freeze drying : pasteurization
and canning.
➢ Physical removal of microorganisms : filtration,
centrifugation.
COVID-19 transfer from
➢ Mother to breast milk
➢ Breast milk to child
➢ Food to food
➢ Food to individual
➢ Food animal to individual ( Indian
origin)
➢Avoids overcrowding by limiting the numbers
of customers at a time.
➢Restricts entry of customers having COVID-19
symptom.
➢Manages physical distancing, respiratory
hygiene.
➢Provides hand sanitizers, spray disinfectants,
and disposable paper towels at store entry points.
➢ Regular sanitization of the shop.
➢Use safe and clean water.
➢Keep the kitchen clean and safe.
➢Rinse fresh fruits and vegetables
under running tap water.
➢Avoid cross contamination of
raw animal food, fruits, vegetables
an other non perishable food
items.
Do not cook,
prepare or serve
foods or beverages
while you are sick.
➢ Segregate fruits and vegetables.
▪ Hard-skinned fruits and vegetables
▪ Tender-skinned items
▪ Leafy vegetables
➢ Cook properly (cooked to at least 70°C).
➢ Refrigerate fruits and vegetables within 2 hours after you cut,
peel, or cook them (or 1 hour if the outside temperature is
32°C or warmer). Chill them at 4°C or colder in a clean
container.
➢ Packages of dry items may me sanitized with chlorinated
water or more than 60% alcohol.
➢Clean your hands & wear clean cloths.
➢Tie back or cover you hair.
➢Keep nails short and clean.
➢Avoid unnecessary contact with food.
➢Cut any bruise are on fruit and vegetables.
➢Avoid touching face and hair while cooking.
➢Do not cough or sneeze.
✓Before starting work.
✓Using toilet.
✓Using handkerchief of tissue.
✓Touching hair and face or any body parts.
✓Before and after handling raw foods.
✓Before handing cooked foods.
✓After any cleaning task.
•Kitchen towels
•Can openers
•Cutting boards
•Countertops
•Scrubbers
•Garbage disposals
•Sink drains
•Refrigerators
•Food processors, blenders, and eggbeaters
➢Kitchen tops or other surfaces need to be cleaned
frequently using common floor cleaners or veridical
disinfectants such as 0.05% sodium hypochlorite
(NaClO) or products based on ethanol (at least 70%).
Alcohol-based disinfectants (ethanol, propan-2-ol,
propan-1-ol) are proved to significantly reduce the viral
contamination when used in concentrations of 70-80%
with one-minute exposure time.
➢ For others, common detergents and/or utensil
cleaners are sufficient.
Food quality control ensures activities
carried out to preserve the quality and
safety of food at all stages of the food
supply, production, procurement,
transportation including processing,
packaging, storing, cooking, distribution
and consumption.
1. Good Hygienic Practices (GHP)
2. Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
3. Codex Alimentarius (international standards for the safety
and quality)
4. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP)
5. Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA)
Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA)
a. Hazard Identification: involves the collection, organization, and
evaluation of all information pertaining to a pathogen or a nutrient.
b. Hazard Characterization: determines the relationship between
a pathogen and any adverse effects.
c. Exposure Assessment: involves determining how much of
pathogen might be ingested in a serving of food.
d. Risk Characterization: involves evaluating the risk and related
information.
1937: Appointment of Central Advisory Board on Health
1954: Prevention of food Adulteration passed
1955: Fruit Products Order
1967: Solvent Extracted Oil, De- Oiled Meal and Edible
Flour (Control) Order
1973 : Meat Food Products Order
1988 : Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Order
1992: Milk and Milk Products Order
2006: FSS A Bill passed
FoodLawsVoidafter
commencementofFSSAct,
2006
To consolidate the laws relating to food and to
establish the Food Safety and Standards Authority
of India for laying down science based
standards for articles of food and to regulate their
manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and
import, to ensure availability of safe and
wholesome food for human consumption and for
matters connected there with or incidental there
to.
* FSSAI is under MoHFW, Govt. of India.
Thank you