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End feel.pptx

The document discusses the concept of end-feel in joint range of motion (ROM) examination, categorizing it into types based on the structures limiting the joint movement. It describes normal and abnormal end-feels such as soft, firm, hard, and empty, along with their characteristics and implications for joint assessment. Accurate measurement and practice are emphasized for effective evaluation of end-feel.

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 Feeling, which is experienced by an examiner as a barrier to further motion at the end of a passive ROM.
 Joint capsule  Ligament  Passive tension in soft tissue (muscle,fascia,skin, soft tissue approximation, contact of joint.)
 this classify on the basis of type of structure that limit the joint ROM.  Each normal limitation has a characteristic feeling.
 Requires practice  End-feel must be carried out slowly and carefully  Requires safe and accurate performance of goniometery.
 Cyriax, keltenborn have describe variety of normal and abnormal endfeel.
Soft • Soft tissue approximation • Knee flexion Hard • Bone contacting to bone • Elbow extension Firm • Muscular- hip flexion with knee straight • Capsular-extension of metacarpophalangeal joint. • Ligamentous- forearm supination.
 Occurs sooner or later in ROM than usual.  Joint that have normally has other end feel than actual feeling.
 Types 1. Soft – feels like boggy (soft tissue edema, Synovitis) 2. Firm- increase muscle tone, capsular, muscular, ligamentous and facial shortening 3. Hard- feel like bony block.( OA, Losse bodies, fracture, myositis ossificans ) 4. Empty- no real end feel because of pain, prevent reaching end of ROM. (acute inflammation, bursitis, acute fracture, psychogenic disorder.)