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Egyptian gods & goddess

The ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses, each with their own role in maintaining harmony. Some major deities included Ra, the sun god; Osiris, god of the underworld; Horus, protector of pharaohs; Seth, god of chaos; Isis, mother goddess; and Thoth, god of wisdom. Lesser gods were associated with nature, towns, animals, and other domains. The Egyptians saw it as important to worship these gods through rituals and offerings to keep the world functioning properly.

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EgyptGods & Goddess
The ancient Egyptians believed in many different gods and goddesses. Each one with their own role to play in maintaining peace and harmony across the land.
Ra • King of the Gods • Sun god • Falcon head with a sun on top. • He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians. • The ancient Egyptians believed that Ra was swallowed every night by the sky goddess Nut, and was reborn every morning. • He constantly had to fight monsters (Sebau, Nak, and Apep) • The phoenix is one of his symbols
Osiris • God of the earth and vegetation • Gave Egypt civilization. • Married his sister, Isis • Osiris rules Egypt and he leaves Isis in charge when he is gone • Set and 72 conspirators kill him by chopping him up into pieces • Isis found almost all the pieces and put him back together (making the missing part out of clay) • King of the afterlife • Usually shown as a bearded, mummified human with green skin and wearing the atef crown. His hands come out from the mummy wrappings and hold the flail and crook.
Horus • Falcon headed • Son of Isis and Osiris • He became divine protector and god of every pharaoh. • He was closely linked with the pharaohs in whose hands the administration of the whole land of Egypt was placed. • In a battle a between Horus and his uncle Seth, Horus’s eye was torn out, shredded and thrown in the sea. Thoth retrieved and fixed the eye. He then gave the healed eye to his dead father. He then tried to heal his father with the eye. It was a symbol of healing and power.
Seth • God of evil, the desert, storms, and chaos • Seth was the god of chaos. • Seth represented everything that threatened harmony in Egypt. • In Egyptian times Seth murdered his brother, Osiris, and then scattered the pieces all over the land. • He appeared with a forked tail with cloven hooves with large pricked ears, a snout and a monstrous head. Although he sometimes took the shape of frightening animals.
Nephthy s • Wife of Seth • 'Lady of the Mansion • Woman with headdress showing her name in hieroglyphics • Protective goddess of the dead. • Sister of Isis and Osiris, and the sister/wife of Seth. Nephthys was also the mother of Anubis. • She is often shown on coffins, or in funerary scenes.
Anubis• Son of Nephthys and either Set or Ra – adopted servant of Isis • Head of a jackal • Guides the dead to the underworld and weighs their heart (bad deeds make your heart weigh more) • God of embalming • Works with Osiris in the underworld
Isis • Shown as a a woman wearing a vulture head-dress and the solar disk between a pair of horns • Isis was a protective goddess. She used powerful magic spells to help people in need. Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. • Created the cobra and uses the cobra bite to make Ra reveal to her his secret name • The purest example of the loving wife and mother • Since each pharaoh was considered the 'living Horus', Isis was very important.
Thoth • Moon god • Head of an ibis • Scribe (records the weight of the hearts in the underworld) • Invented writing • god of writing and knowledge. • The ancient Egyptians believed that Thoth gave them the gift of hieroglyphic writing. Thoth was also connected with the moon.
Bast • Cat-headed • Goddess of love, sex, and childbirth • Cats are sacred (many cats were mummified in her honor
Bes • Popular, household god • Dwarf • Frightens evil spirits away • Hangs out with Taweret, a goddess of childbirth (she is scary looking) • Roman soldiers wore amulets with his likeness for protection
Hapy • God of the Nile floods • Keeps the land and river fertile • He has long hair, large breasts, and a protruding stomach (all symbols of fertility) and also a beard and is blue • In some areas, he was worshipped over Ra
Neith • A mother goddess • Invented childbirth • Created gods, humans, and animals • Warrior goddess • Once she spit into the Nile and this spit turned into Apep, a serpent who lives in the underworld and tries to eat Ra each night
Sekhmet • Lion headed • Goddess of war • Breathes fire against her enemies • Delivers punishment to the gods
Some gods and goddesses took part in creation, some brought the flood every year, some offered protection, and some took care of people after they died. Others were either local gods who represented towns, or minor gods who represented plants or animals.
The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to recognize and worship these gods and goddesses so that life continued smoothly.
• McCall Henrietta, Gods & Goddesses in the Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians, 2002, Hodder Wyland. • Ashworth Leon, Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2006, Evans publishing Group. • ww.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/ • www.cyark.org/AncientEgyptian • www.ancientegypt.uk.co