Glomales and Entomophthorales fungi

Glomales and Entomophthorales fungi

• 1.
  GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOMALES& ENTOMOPHTHORALES Submitted to:- Dr. Pradeep Yadav & Dr. Ritu Mishra Submitted by:- Nandani Bhartiya M.Sc. I Semester 2022-2023 Department of Botany
• 2.
   Glomales(=Glomerales) isthe order of symbiotic fungi within the phylum Glomeromycota  The Glomales comprises fungi with an arbuscular mycorrhizal habit  The Entomophthorales are an order of mainly entomogenous fungi  Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogen of insects
• 3.
  Coenocytic hyphae, within roots(intraradical),outside root(extraradical) Noflagellated state in life cycle Spores formed in soil or roots; asexual Endomycorrhizae or vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae or symbiosis with cyanobacteria(Geosiphon with Nostoc) Arbuscules –highly branched ,short-lived structures, constantly being formed and degenerating Vesicles- oval or spherical,darkly staining and function as nutrient reservoirs
• 4.
  Gigaspora margarita-lives on rootswithout destroying the plant Geosiphon pyriformis-lives on cyanobacteria rather than plants Scutellospora persica- another root dwelling fungus Acaulospora scrobiculata- often found in the roots of soyabean plants Gigasora gigantea- fungus with unusually large spores
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   Mycelium iscoenocytic,however it may become divided by septa into segments  Sporangium that has been reduced to a single conidium and is usually discharged forcibly at maturity  Thick walled resting spores is zygospores or azygospores  Most species are parasitic on insects and few cases in animals and plants or they live saprophytically in soil
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   spore formingmicrosporidium,Paranosema locustae is a pathogen that has been used for controlling locusts,grasshoppers and some cricketes  Several species of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are available in multiple commercial formulations, primarily for managing soil insect pest  Phasmarhabditis hemaphrodita is also available for controlling slugs in Europe
• 9.
   Although Glomalesor mycorrhizal fungi are remarkably successful and ubiquitos components of plant root system,contributing to nutrient uptake in large majority of land plants, mycorrhizal symbiosis seems likely always to be beneficial for fungi and also plants  Entomophthorales can be important in both organic and conventional producing system.It can be used alone or in combination with chemical,botanical pesticides
• 10.
   Ucanr.edu  Yourdictionary.com Sciencedirect.com  Wpmucdn.com  An introduction of fungi by H.C. Dube(third edition)  Introduction of FUNGI by John Webster and Roland W.S.WEBER(Third edition)