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Designs a Research Used in Daily Life.pptx

The document discusses various quantitative research designs that can be used in studies, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs. Experimental designs allow researchers to control variables and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Quasi-experimental designs are similar but do not involve random assignment. Non-experimental designs observe phenomena naturally without manipulation. Specific types of non-experimental or descriptive designs include surveys, correlational studies, ex-post facto studies, comparative studies, normative studies, evaluative studies, and methodological studies. Choosing an appropriate research design is important to effectively address the research problem and establish a framework for data collection and analysis.

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What’s New Directions: Analyze the pair of pictures. Have you ever guessed what idea/s that the picture would like to express? Try to guess insights on a research topic that may come up from the pair of pictures below.
The Role of Research •It is a formal process of problem-solving. •It is a set of procedures and stages. •It originates with a question or a problem. •It is an iterative process.
Research provides a solid foundation for the: • Discovery and creation of knowledge, theory- building; • Testing, confirmation, revision, and refutation of knowledge as theory; • Advance a discipline or field; • Advancements and improvements in various aspects of life; • Promotion and tenure of individuals.
Significance of Research 1. To gather necessary information 2. To improve the standard of living 3. To have a safer life 4. To know the truth 5. To explore our history buff 6. To understand arts
Independent Activity 1
Independent Activity 1
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS Research Design refers to the total approach that you select to incorporate the different components of the study in a comprehensible and rational way, thereby ensuring you will effectively address the research problem Moreover, a research design establishes the outline for the selection, measurement, and analysis of data. The research problem defines the research you should do.
Kinds of Quantitative research designs that a researcher may employ: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN. It allows the researcher to control the situation. In doing so, it allows the researcher to answer the question, “What causes something to occur?” and also allows the researcher to identify cause and effect relationships between variables and to distinguish placebo effects from treatment effects.
Kinds of Quantitative research designs that a researcher may employ: Pre-Experimental design. A type of research applies to an experimental design with the least internal validity. One type of pre-experiment, the simple group, pre-test-post-test design, measures the group two times, before and after the intervention. Instead of comparing the pretest with the posttest within one group, the posttest of the treated groups is compared with that of an untreated group. Measuring the effect as the difference between groups marks this as a between-subjects design
Two types of Quasi-experimental design: 1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN a) Non-Equivalent Control Group. It refers to the chance failure of random assignment to equalize the conditions by converting a true experiment into this kind of design, for purpose of analysis. b) Interrupted Time Series Design. It employs multiple measures before and after the experimental intervention. c) True-Experimental design-it controls for both time-related and group-related threats. These features require that the researchers have control over the experimental treatment and the power to place subjects in groups and employ both treated and control groups to deal with time-related rival explanations.
Two types of Quasi-experimental design: 2. NON-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. In this design, the researcher observes the phenomena as they occur naturally, and no external variables are introduced. In this research design, the variables are not deliberately manipulated nor is the setting controlled. Researchers collect data without making changes or introducing treatments. It is also known as DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN because it is only one under non-experimental design.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: A. Survey B. Correlational C. Ex-Post Facto or Causal-Comparative D. Comparative E. Normative F. Evaluative G. Methodological
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: A. Survey - It is used to gather information from groups of people by selecting and studying samples chosen from a population. This is useful when the objective of the study is to see a general picture of the population under investigation in terms of their social and economic characteristics, opinions, and their knowledge about the behavior towards a certain phenomenon.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: B. Correlational. It is conducted by researchers whose aim would be to find out the direction, association, and/or relationship between different variables or groups of respondents under study. Correlational Research has three types these are: a. Bivariate Correlational Studies –It obtains scores from two variables for each subject, and then uses them to calculate a correlation coefficient. The term bivariate implies that the two variables are correlated (variables are selected because they are believed to be related).Example: Children of wealthier (variable one), better educated (variable 2) parents earn higher salaries as adults. b. Prediction Studies –It uses a correlation coefficient to show how one variable (the predictor variable) predicts another (the criterion variable).Example: Which senior high school applicants should be admitted to college? c. Multiple Regression Prediction Studies –All variables in the study can contribute to the overall prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of each identified variable. Example: Suppose the High School GPA is not the sole predictor of college GPA, what might be other good predictors?
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: C. Ex-Post Facto or Causal-Comparative. This kind of research design derives conclusions from observations and manifestations that already occurred in the past and are now compared to some dependent variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs. Example: A researcher is interested in how weight influences the anxiety-coping level of adults. Here the subjects would be separated into different groups (underweight, normal, overweight) and their stress-coping levels measured. This is an ex post facto design because a pre-existing characteristic (weight) was used to form the groups.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: D. Comparative. It involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of study subjects on one or more variables, often at a single point in time. Specifically, this design is used to compare two distinct groups on the basis of selected attributes such as knowledge level, perceptions, and attitudes, physical or psychological symptoms. Example: A Comparative Study on the Perception of COVID Problems among front liners in Pampanga.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: E. Normative. It describes the norm level of characteristics for a given behavior. For example: If you are conducting research on the study habits of high school students you are to use the range of scores to describe the level of their study habits. The same true is when you would want to describe their academic performance.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: F. Evaluative. It is a process used to determine what has happened during a given activity or in an institution. The purpose of the evaluation is to see if a given program is working if an institution is successful according to the goals set for it, or if the original intent was successfully attained. Example: A test of secondary learners in school is used to assess the effectiveness of teaching or the organization of a curriculum.
The types of Descriptive design are as follows: G. Methodological. The research approach, implementing a variety of methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the goal of developing a scale-matched approach, where data from different disciplines can be integrated.
Activity 1 Choose one (1) among the quantitative research design you think is appropriate to your study and defend your answer. Guide Question: Why is it necessary to choose a research design? Elaborate your answer,