Data Flow 2

Data Flow 2

• 1.
  Identifying Data FlowsDuring the analysis stage of a project it is important to find out how data flows through a system: Where does the data originate What processing is performed on it and by whom Who uses the data What data is stored and where What output is produced and who receives it
• 2.
  DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS[DFD’S] A diagram to show how data is captured, processed , stored and distributed within a system. This is generally represented during the analysis stage of a project, but can be further refined during the design stage to show more detail of how the system functions.
• 3.
  E.g. Result ofa query to a database, contents of a printed report : data that moves together to common destinations Actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored or distributed. This can be a computerised or manual transformation SYMBOLS USED IN A DFD PROCESS DATA FLOW
• 4.
  A physical locationto hold data e.g. a file folder or notebook etc. Origin and/or destination of the data. Often referred to as external entities as they are outside the system. We are only interested in how data flows in to or from the system to them. SYMBOLS USED IN A DFD DATA STORE SOURCE/SINK
• 5.
  It is oftenimpossible to represent a complete business on one diagram. For this reason it is quite common to use more than one level of Data Flow Diagram with each level showing more detailed information about part of the previous diagram. It is important that the diagram should be made as clear as possible and for this reason it is not uncommon to draw the same source or sink [external entity] more than once to help achieve this. How Much Detail ?
• 6.
  Main steps whenconstructing a Level 0 Diagram : Identify where data is captured from Identify where data is distributed to Describe the overall process Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols Link them with data flows that are labelled Context or Level 0 Diagram The highest level view of a system. This only has one process which represents the overall function of the system and has no data stores as all the data is stored within the process.
• 7.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 8.
  IF itis necessary to produce a level 2 or level 3 diagram, the same steps would be followed as used when constructing the Level 1 diagram Constructing a Level 2/3 diagram
• 9.
  Here is anexample of how Data flow diagrams would be used to model the logic of data flows in a fast food burger bar. Identify where data is captured from Identify where data is distributed to Describe the overall process Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols Link them with data flows that are labelled . Context or Level 0 Diagram
• 10.
  Level 0 Contextdiagram CUSTOMER
• 11.
  Identify where datais captured from Identify where data is distributed to Describe the overall process Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols Link them with data flows that are labelled
• 12.
  CUSTOMER Level 0Context diagram KITCHEN RESTAURANT MANAGER
• 13.
  Identify where datais captured from Identify where data is distributed to Describe the overall process Map these out in a diagram using the correct symbols Link them with data flows that are labelled
• 14.
  CUSTOMER KITCHEN RESTAURANTMANAGER Level 0 Context diagram Food ordering system 0
• 15.
  Identify where datais captured from Identify where data is distributed to Describe the overall process Map these out using the correct symbols Link them with data flows that are labelled
• 16.
  Food ordering system0 CUSTOMER KITCHEN RESTAURANT MANAGER Level 0 Context diagram Food Order Management Reports Customer Order Receipt
• 17.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 18.
  Food ordering system0 CUSTOMER KITCHEN RESTAURANT MANAGER Food Order Management Reports Customer Order Receipt Level 0 Context diagram Does this show enough detail?
• 19.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 20.
  These new processesmay show a process which corresponds to actions such as : Capturing data from different sources Maintaining data stores Producing and distributing data to different sinks Level 1 diagram
• 21.
  1.0 Receive andtransform Customer Food Order
• 22.
  These may showa process which corresponds to actions such as : Capturing data from different sources Maintaining data stores Producing and distributing data to different sinks Level 1 diagram
• 23.
  1.0 Receive andtransform Customer Food Order 2.0 Update Inventory file 3.0 Update Goods Sold file
• 24.
  These may showa process which corresponds to actions such as : Capturing data from different sources Maintaining data stores Producing and distributing data to different sinks Level 1 diagram
• 25.
  1.0 Receive andtransform Customer Food Order 2.0 Update Inventory file 3.0 Update Goods Sold file 4.0 Produce Management Reports
• 26.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 27.
  1.0 Receive andtransform Customer Food Order 2.0 Update Inventory file 3.0 Update Goods Sold file 4.0 Produce Management Reports KITCHEN Food Order CUSTOMER Customer Order Receipt RESTAURANT MANAGER Management Reports
• 28.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 29.
  RESTAURANT MANAGER FoodOrder Customer Order Receipt Management Reports 1.0 Receive and transform Customer Food Order 2.0 Update Inventory file 3.0 Update Goods Sold file 4.0 Produce Management Reports CUSTOMER KITCHEN Goods Sold File D1 D2 Inventory File
• 30.
  Constructing a Level1 diagram Identify and draw the processes that make up the Level 0 process Allocate descriptions to these Lay out the sources/sinks and data flows from the Level 0 diagram Draw in any data stores used in the process Link the new processes and data stores with named data links
• 31.
  RESTAURANT MANAGER FoodOrder Customer Order Receipt Management Reports 1.0 Receive and transform Customer Food Order 2.0 Update Inventory file 3.0 Update Goods Sold file 4.0 Produce Management Reports CUSTOMER KITCHEN Goods Sold File D1 D2 Inventory File Goods Sold Inventory Data Goods Sold Data Inventory Data Daily Goods Sold Amount Daily Inventory Depletion Amounts
• 32.
  In this example,having constructed our Level 1 diagram it is decided there is no need to further breakdown the data flow processes within this organisation. Our data flow diagram is therefore complete.
• 33.
  Do’s and Don’tswhen constructing a Data Flow Diagram  
• 34.
  Do’s and Don’tswhen constructing a Data Flow Diagram  
• 35.
  Do’s and Don’tswhen constructing a Data Flow Diagram  