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Community mental health nursing

Community mental health nursing focuses on promoting mental health, preventing mental illness, and rehabilitating affected individuals using specialized knowledge. The document discusses both institutionalization and deinstitutionalization trends in mental health care, highlighting their aims, effects, and the need for community support systems. Additionally, it outlines strategies for mental health prevention through various intervention levels, emphasizing the critical role of nurses in community mental health services.

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Community Mental Health Nursing Nabina Paneru
Mental Health According to WHO “Mental Health is defined as the state of wellbeing which in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
Community Mental Health Community mental health is the application of specialized knowledge to population and communities to prevent mental illness, promote and maintain mental health, and to rehabilitate population at risk that continue to have residual effects of mental illness. -Sreevani
Community Mental Health Nursing Community mental health nursing is the application of knowledge of psychiatric nursing in promoting and maintaining mental health of community people, to help in early diagnosis and care and to rehabilitate the clients after mental illness. - Bimala Kapoor
Purposes of Community Mental Health Nursing • Provide prevention activities to population for the purpose of promoting mental health. • Provide prompt interventions • Help individuals develop a sense of self worth and independence. • Anticipate emotional problems
Contd. • Identify and change social and psychological factors that influence human interactions • Develop innovative approach to primary preventive activities • Provide mental health education and how to assess the mental health. e.g.. SIGECAPS
Objectives • Basic mental health care to all the needy. • Encourage application of mental health knowledge • Promote community participation. • Prevention and treatment of mental and neurological disorders and their associated disabilities.
Contd. • Use of mental health technologies to improve general health services. • Application of mental health principles in total national development to improve quality of life.
Trends of Care Institutionalization • It is the process of committing a person to a facility where their freedom to live will be restrained, usually mental hospital. • Institutional mental health services include specialist institutional services and mental hospitals • A key feature of these services is the independent stand – alone service style, although they may have some links with the rest of the health care system
Institutionalization Contd. Aims of Institutionalization • Prevention of harm to self and others • Management of severe symptoms • Need for a rapid, multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation that requires frequent observation by specially trained personnel.
Trends of care contd. Deinstitutionalization • The movement toward treating persons with mental illness in less restrictive environments gained momentum in 1963 with the enactment of the community Mental Health Center Act. Deinstitutionalization, a deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities began.
Deinstitutionalization Contd. • Deinstitutionalization is a government policy that moved mental health patients out of state-run "insane asylums" into federally funded community mental health centers. It began in the 1960s as a way to improve the treatment of the mentally ill while also cutting government budgets.
Contd. Essential components of a deinstitutionalization process • Prevention of inappropriate mental hospital admissions through the provision of community facilities • Discharge to the community of long term institutional patients who have received adequate preparations • Establishment and maintenance of community support systems of non institutionalized patients.
Contd. Positive effects of deinstitutionalization • Integration of family and social system in acre of patient • Provision of better care to mentally ill, in their home environment • Helps in returning sense of worth, ability and independence to those who had been dependent on others for their care.
Contd. Negative effects of deinstitutionalization • Failure of implementation effectively • Emergency department used by acutely disturbed individuals has increased • Patient who do not receive adequate care commit homicides
Prevention of mental health Tertiary Prevention: rehabilitation Secondary Prevention: early diagnosis and treatment Primary Prevention: health maintenance and specific protection Primordial Prevention
Contd. Primordial Prevention • The primordial prevention focuses on enhancing healthy environment so that the disease can be prevented. • This is a prevention of development of risk factors in a population group, which they have not yet appeared
Primordial Prevention contd. • Special attention is given in preventing chronic disease • Main intervention is health education • In this efforts are dedicated towards discouraging people from adopting harmful lifestyles/ Habits through individual & Mass education
Prevention Contd. Primary preventions • Primary prevention can be defined as the action taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will occur • In this action are taken before the onset of disease
Primary Prevention contd. Measures of primary prevention • Identification of people at risk • Identification of stressors actual or potential • Development of program through education, positive reinforcement, assertiveness training, and self – help groups. - Providing classes for adults with elderly parents who provide care giving services to older adults to help them learn about the normal aging process
Measures Contd. - Community services availability to cope with the stress of being responsible for an elderly person. - School health program/ education 1. Eliminate causative agents – e.g stress, substance abuse, violence 2. Risk factor
Prevention contd. Secondary preventions • An action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and prevents complications • The specific interventions are: I) Early diagnosis (e.g. screening and periodic examinations of the populations at risk, monitoring clients, crisis interventions through hotlines, walk – in – clinics, treatment (medical, physical or psychological interventions) in hospitals and direct services
Contd. Tertiary Prevention • It is used when the disease process has advanced beyond the early stages • All measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, and to promote the patients’ adjustment to irremediable conditions • Main focus on disability limitation and rehabilitation • Rehabilitation includes: daycare centers/hospitals, foster homes, self – help groups and liaison workers
Role of Nurse in community in Prevention of Mental Health Problem • Health monitor • Care Provider • Co-ordinator • Facilitator • Health Educator • Counselor • Motivator • Change agent • Problem solver • Supervisor • Advocator • Researcher • Planner • Manager • Evaluator
Role of nurses in the community mental health services • Role of nurses in institutional setting • Role of a nurse in nursing education • Role of the nurse in prevention of mental illness • Role of nurse in the community mental health services
Community mental health nursing