REVIEW
1.What should theconclusion of an
argumentative essay do?
A. Introduce new arguments
B. Restate the thesis without any
additional information
C. Summarize the main points and
restate the thesis in a
meaningful way
2.
REVIEW
2. What isthe purpose of including a
counterargument in an argumentative
essay?
A. To confuse the reader
B. To weaken the main argument
C. To acknowledge opposing views
and strengthen the overall
argument
3.
REVIEW
3. Which ofthe following is an example of
supporting evidence in an argumentative
essay?
A. Personal opinion
B. Anecdote
C. Statistics and data
D. Emotionally charged language
4.
REVIEW
4. What isthe main function of the body
paragraphs in an argumentative essay?
A. To restate the thesis
B. To provide background information
C. To present and support the main
argument
D. To offer a counterargument
5.
REVIEW
5. What isthe purpose of the thesis
statement in an argumentative
essay?
A. To introduce the topic
B. To provide evidence
C. To state the main argument
D. To conclude the essay
6.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Formulate claimsof fact, policy and value
(MELC Code: EN10WC-IIb-13.2)
1. Determine claims of fact, policy and
value in sentences
2. Select pieces of evidence of fact,
policy, and value about an issue.
3. Formulate claims of fact, policy and
value about an issue.
7.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Formulate claimsof fact, policy and value
(MELC Code: EN10WC-IIb-13.2)
1. Determine claims of fact, policy and
value in sentences
2. Select pieces of evidence of fact,
policy, and value about an issue.
3. Formulate claims of fact, policy and
value about an issue.
8.
CATEGORIZING CLAIMS
Within yourgroup, categorize the
different sentences whether the sentence
is an example of claim of fact, claim of
policy and claim of value. (5 minutes only)
9.
CATEGORIZING CLAIMS
1. TheEarth orbits the Sun."
2."Schools should implement a daily
physical activity program for students."
3. "Honesty is the best policy."
4.“Using renewable energy sources is
essential for environmental
sustainability."
5."Beauty is subjective and varies from
10.
CLAIM
a claim isthe main
argument or central
point that the author is
trying to make.
11.
CLAIM
It is theassertion or
position that the writer takes
on a particular issue and is
supported by evidence and
reasoning throughout the
essay.
02/16/2026 13
formula tocraft your
opinion statement
Debatable Topic (Who or what am I
writing about?) + Focus (What specific
feeling or belief do I have about my
topic?) = Opinion Statement
14.
02/16/2026 14
example ofopinion statement
There is no doubt that Facebook is
great innovation.
Debatable topic
Focus
Focus
15.
02/16/2026 15
is nota debatable thesis. Most people would
agree that junk food is bad for your health.
Junk food is bad for your
health.
16.
is a debatablethesis. Reasonable
people could agree or disagree
with the statement.
Because junk food is bad for your
health, the size of sodas offered at fast-
food restaurants should be regulated
by the federal government.
17.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
1. Clear Statement:
A claim should be a clear and
concise statement that articulates the
writer's position on the topic. It is
often presented in the form of a thesis
statement, which appears in the
introduction of the essay.
18.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
2. Debatable:
A good claim is debatable.
The purpose of the essay is to
convince the reader of the validity of
the claim.
19.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
3. Supported by Evidence:
The claim should be supported by
relevant and credible evidence. This
evidence can take the form of facts,
statistics, examples, expert opinions, or
logical reasoning.
20.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
4. Focused and Specific:
The claim should be specific and
focused on a particular aspect of the
topic. A broad or vague claim can
weaken the argument and make it
harder to provide effective support.
21.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
5. Relevant to the Audience:
The claim should take into
consideration the audience's interests,
values, and concerns.
22.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
6. Awareness of Counterarguments:
An effective claim acknowledges
potential counterarguments and
addresses them.
23.
KEY ASPECTS OFCLAIMS
7. Connection to Overall Argument:
The claim serves as the foundation
for the entire argumentative essay.
Each paragraph and piece of evidence
presented should contribute to
supporting and strengthening the
main claim.
24.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
1.Claim of Fact/ Statements of truth:
A claim of fact asserts that a
particular statement is true or false.
It is focused on presenting
information that can be objectively
verified or disproven.
25.
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Claims offact usually answer a “what” question.
i.Is this issue related to a possible cause or
effect?
ii.Is this statement true or false? How can its
truthfulness be verified?
iii.Is this claim controversial or debatable?
26.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
Claimsof Fact:
These claims are often based on
evidence, data, or observable
phenomena.
27.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
Claimof Fact:
Example:
"Excessive usage of electronic devices
has been linked to health issues such
as cancer, vision loss, weight gain, and
insomnia."
28.
02/16/2026 28
Example ofclaim of fact
Despite what you might think,
most students love browsing the
net most of their time.
Debatable topic
focus
29.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
2.Claim of Policy/ Statements of policy :
A claim of policy advocates for a
specific course of action or proposes a
solution to a problem.
* begin with “should,” “ought to,’ or “must.”
30.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
2.Claim of Policy:
Unlike claims of fact, which are
concerned with what is true or false,
claims of policy focus on what should
be done.
31.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
2.Claim of Policy:
These claims often involve
recommendations, suggestions, or
proposals for addressing issues or
improving situations.
32.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
2.Claim of Policy:
Example: "Parents should concentrate
on the physical and mental health of
their children and inculcate good
habits for maintaining a healthy
lifestyle from a tender age."
33.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
3.Claim of Value/ Statements of value:
A claim of value expresses a subjective
judgment about the worth or
significance of something.
34.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
Claimof Value:
It involves stating that something is
good, bad, valuable, or worthless
based on certain criteria or standards.
35.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
3.Claim of Value:
These claims are often rooted in
personal beliefs, cultural values, or
societal norms.
36.
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ask thefollowing questions:
i.What claims endorse what is good or right?
ii.What qualities should be considered good? Why
is that so?
iii.Which of these values contend with others?
Which ones are more important, and why? Whose
standards are used? iv.What are some concrete
examples of such values?
37.
TYPES OF CLAIMS
3.Claim of Value:
Example: "Health is Wealth because if
we are not healthy then all our wealth,
fame, and power can bring no
enjoyment."
38.
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Example ofClaim of value
Podcasts have become the media
of consequence in the 21st century.
Topic
Focus
02/16/2026 40
Questions ofFact
are those which ask you to answer whether
or not something is
These questions are always answered with
either “Yes” or “No” and then you must
construct paragraphs to support the facts.
Example:
Is covid-19 air borne? (Yes or No, and then your evidences)
41.
02/16/2026 41
Questions ofPolicy
• ask the writer to explain what they would do
• “should” as in “what should we do...?”
• The question asks the writer to make a plan of action to solve some
sort of problem.
• The answer is a breakdown of the plan and a justification that it fixes
the problem.
• Example:
What should be done to combat the drug problem? (Plan
and justify)
42.
02/16/2026 42
Questions ofValue
• address the relative merit (goodness or badness) of
something
• asked to choose between things, ideas, beliefs, or
actions and explain why you did so.
• Example: Which is more valuable, love or money?
(Which and then Why)
43.
Categorize the followingsentences whether is a claim of
fact, claim of policy and claim of value.
1."The average global temperature
has increased over the past century."
2. "Schools should implement
mandatory classes on financial literacy
for all students."
3. "Democracy is the most effective
form of government."
44.
Categorize the followingsentences whether is a claim of
fact, claim of policy and claim of value.
4. "Using public transportation
reduces carbon emissions and helps
combat climate change."
5. "Chocolate ice cream is the best
flavor."
6. "The death penalty is an effective
deterrent against serious crimes."
45.
Categorize the followingsentences whether is a claim of
fact, claim of policy and claim of value.
7. "Social media negatively impacts
interpersonal relationships."
8. "Access to quality education is a
fundamental human right."
46.
Categorize the followingsentences whether is a claim of
fact, claim of policy and claim of value.
Answers:
1. Claim of Fact
2. Claim of Policy
3. Claim of Value
4. Claim of Fact
5. Claim of Value
47.
Categorize the followingsentences whether is a claim of
fact, claim of policy and claim of value.
Answers:
6. Claim of Value
7. Claim of Value
8. Claim of Value
Editor's Notes
#10 An effective argument starts with a clear opinion statement, also known as a claim or proposition.
2. it may also serve as the purpose of convincing or persuading readers or specific audience to agree with a point of view on an issue
3. A claim defines your writing’s goals, direction, and scope.
4. A good claim is specific and asserts a focused argument.
#12 It guides the writer's efforts to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific viewpoint
#13 If you can state your opinion in a single, clear sentence, your readers will easily grasp your main argument.
Remember that the statement will serve as the thesis for your writing.
#18 Meaning there is a room for disagreement or different perspectives.
When the writer makes a claim, he/she is making a case for a particular perspective on the topic. Readers expect to be able to raise objections to your claim and they can only raise objections if the claim is something that can be reasonably challenged. Claims that are only factual or based on opinion, thus, are not debatable. that can be reasonably challenged. Claims that are only factual or based on opinion, thus, are not debatable.
#19 The supporting evidence strengthens the validity of the claim
#20 If the claim is unfocused, the paper will be too broad in scope and will lack direction and a clear connection to the support provided. It may also lead to overgeneralizations and vague assertions.
#21 Understanding the audience helps the writer tailor the claim and supporting evidence to be more persuasive.
#22 This enhances the essay's credibility by showing the writer has considered alternative perspectives.
#23 The claim is the most important part of the text. The quality and complexity of the reading depend on the claim because the claim defines the paper’s direction and scope.
#24 states a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic. They assert that something has existed, exists, or will exist based on data. They rely on reliable sources or systematic procedures to be validated; this is what makes them different from inferences.
#25 When determining whether something is a claim of fact, the following questions are useful.
#29 that specific actions should be chosen as solutions to a particular problem. You can easily identify a claim of policy because they begin with “should,” “ought to,’ or “must.” Claims of policy, because they defend actionable plans, usually answer “how” questions.
#30 Is a claim that something should or should not be done.
#33 These types of topics try to prove that some values are more or less desirable compared to others. They make judgments, based on certain standards, on whether something is right or wrong, good or bad, or something similar.
#35 claim that something does or does not have worth
#36 Claims of value attempt to explain how problems, situations, or issues ought to be valued.
In order to discover these explanations, you may ask the following questions:
#37 Claims of value are subject to prejudices. It uses words and phrases such as “best strategy,” “most favorable,” “a very good way of…,” “an effective style of….”
#39 Remember your opinion cannot be wrong. The only way you can mess up is to poorly support your opinion.
For you to be guided, you need to ask these three specific types of questions:
#40 It questions the true existence of a thing
Regardless of the answer you need to defend it
#41 The key word in these topics is usually “should” as in “what should we do...?”
#42 Here you are usually asked to choose between things, ideas, beliefs, or actions and explain why you did so.
