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childhood depression/ depression in pediatrics.pptx

The document outlines various classifications of childhood depression, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), along with their symptoms and diagnostic criteria. It discusses the etiology of depression, including family history, environmental factors, and biological considerations, as well as the signs and symptoms that may indicate depression in children. Treatment options for childhood depression typically involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and supportive activities.

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CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION PRESENTED BY: M.C.KNIRANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SSNSR, SU.
CLASSIFICATION 1. Major depressive disorder (MDD) 2. Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) 3. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) 4. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 5. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
CLASSIFICATION Major depressive disorder (MDD) • A doctor diagnoses MDD when a child has at least five symptoms of depression that last for more than two weeks. • MDD can be mild, moderate, or severe, and it can make it difficult for children to manage their daily lives.
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) • Also known as dysthymia, PDD is less severe than MDD, and children with PDD may be able to manage their activities. • However, they often feel down and are not at their best. • A doctor usually diagnoses PDD when symptoms last for more than one year. CLASSIFICATION
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) • Children with DMDD are chronically irritable and experience frequent, severe temper outbursts. CLASSIFICATION
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) • SAD is a type of depression that only occurs during certain times of the year, most often in the winter. CLASSIFICATION
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a chronic health condition that causes severe emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. • PMDD can cause intense irritability or anger, increased interpersonal conflicts, and a depressed mood. CLASSIFICATION
ETIOLOGY Family history • Children are more likely to develop depression if a close family member has depression, or if multiple generations have had depression. Environmental factors • Stressful events like abuse, neglect, trauma, or loss can increase the risk of depression. Other environmental factors include family difficulties, bullying, or peer conflict. Mental health disorders • Children with other mental health disorders, such as anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or conduct issues, are at higher risk for depression.
Chronic medical illnesses • Children with chronic medical illnesses, such as diabetes, are at higher risk for depression. Biological factors • A difference in the structure and function of the brain that controls mood can contribute to depression. • Monoamine (neurotransmitter) deficiency is also thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. ETIOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1. Mood: Sadness, hopelessness, or irritability that lasts more than two weeks 2. Behavior: Acting out, oppositional defiance, or disruptiveness 3. Sleep: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or sleeping more than usual 4. Appetite: Loss of appetite, leading to weight loss, or increased appetite, leading to weight gain 5. Energy: Fatigue, low energy, or giving up easily
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 6. Concentration: Difficulty concentrating or focusing 7. Social withdrawal: Withdrawing from friends and family, or interacting less with them 8. Self-esteem: Feelings of worthlessness, low self- esteem, or being self-critical 9. Physical complaints: Headaches, stomachaches, body pains, or digestive issues 10.Thoughts: Thoughts of suicide or self-harming
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1. Interview: A conversation with the child, as well as with their parents and teachers 2. History: A review of the child's medical history, as well as their family history of depression and other mental illnesses 3. Questionnaires: Sometimes doctors use questionnaires to help distinguish depression from a normal reaction to an unhappy situation 4. Laboratory tests: Sometimes medical tests are performed to rule out other medical conditions
TREATMENT • Treatment for childhood depression can include a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and other activities: Psychotherapy • Can be effective in mild cases, and is often used in combination with medication for moderate or severe cases. • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common type of psychotherapy that can help children feel supported and comfortable.
TREATMENT Medication • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often the first choice of medication. Other medications that may be used include bupropion, mirtazapine, and trazodone. Other activities • These can include physical exercise, art or music therapy, and school work. Collaborative care • A healthcare team can provide both pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions
childhood depression/ depression in pediatrics.pptx