childhood depression/depression in children.pptx

childhood depression/depression in children.pptx

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  CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION PRESENTED BY: M.C.KNIRANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SSNSR,SU.
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  CLASSIFICATION 1. Major depressivedisorder (MDD) 2. Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) 3. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) 4. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 5. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
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  CLASSIFICATION Major depressive disorder(MDD) • A doctor diagnoses MDD when a child has at least five symptoms of depression that last for more than two weeks. • MDD can be mild, moderate, or severe, and it can make it difficult for children to manage their daily lives.
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  Persistent depressive disorder(PDD) • Also known as dysthymia, PDD is less severe than MDD, and children with PDD may be able to manage their activities. • However, they often feel down and are not at their best. • A doctor usually diagnoses PDD when symptoms last for more than one year. CLASSIFICATION
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  Disruptive mood dysregulationdisorder (DMDD) • Children with DMDD are chronically irritable and experience frequent, severe temper outbursts. CLASSIFICATION
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  Seasonal affective disorder(SAD) • SAD is a type of depression that only occurs during certain times of the year, most often in the winter. CLASSIFICATION
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  Premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a chronic health condition that causes severe emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. • PMDD can cause intense irritability or anger, increased interpersonal conflicts, and a depressed mood. CLASSIFICATION
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  ETIOLOGY Family history • Childrenare more likely to develop depression if a close family member has depression, or if multiple generations have had depression. Environmental factors • Stressful events like abuse, neglect, trauma, or loss can increase the risk of depression. Other environmental factors include family difficulties, bullying, or peer conflict. Mental health disorders • Children with other mental health disorders, such as anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or conduct issues, are at higher risk for depression.
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  Chronic medical illnesses •Children with chronic medical illnesses, such as diabetes, are at higher risk for depression. Biological factors • A difference in the structure and function of the brain that controls mood can contribute to depression. • Monoamine (neurotransmitter) deficiency is also thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. ETIOLOGY
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  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 1.Mood: Sadness, hopelessness, or irritability that lasts more than two weeks 2. Behavior: Acting out, oppositional defiance, or disruptiveness 3. Sleep: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or sleeping more than usual 4. Appetite: Loss of appetite, leading to weight loss, or increased appetite, leading to weight gain 5. Energy: Fatigue, low energy, or giving up easily
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  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS 6.Concentration: Difficulty concentrating or focusing 7. Social withdrawal: Withdrawing from friends and family, or interacting less with them 8. Self-esteem: Feelings of worthlessness, low self- esteem, or being self-critical 9. Physical complaints: Headaches, stomachaches, body pains, or digestive issues 10.Thoughts: Thoughts of suicide or self-harming
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  DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1. Interview:A conversation with the child, as well as with their parents and teachers 2. History: A review of the child's medical history, as well as their family history of depression and other mental illnesses 3. Questionnaires: Sometimes doctors use questionnaires to help distinguish depression from a normal reaction to an unhappy situation 4. Laboratory tests: Sometimes medical tests are performed to rule out other medical conditions
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  TREATMENT • Treatment forchildhood depression can include a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and other activities: Psychotherapy • Can be effective in mild cases, and is often used in combination with medication for moderate or severe cases. • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common type of psychotherapy that can help children feel supported and comfortable.
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  TREATMENT Medication • Selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often the first choice of medication. Other medications that may be used include bupropion, mirtazapine, and trazodone. Other activities • These can include physical exercise, art or music therapy, and school work. Collaborative care • A healthcare team can provide both pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions